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Patterns of Ant Diversity in the Natural Grasslands of Southern Brazil

  • Ecology, Behavior and Bionomics
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Abstract

In the south of Brazil, grasslands are naturally widespread over two different biomes, the Pampa in the southernmost region and within the Atlantic Forest in the northern portions. The natural grasslands of the state of Paraná comprise a very particular physiognomy composed of two distinct formations: the Campos Gerais and the grasslands of the southwest. The first is located in the edge of the second plateau of Paraná state, comprising a great diversity of environments. The grasslands of the southwest are more homogeneous, with a continuous herbaceous stratum dominating the landscape. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns of species richness and composition of ants, an ecologically prominent group, along the natural grasslands of Paraná. We also intended to compare the faunal similarity between the two different grassland formations. For that, four different Conservation Unities were sampled along a latitudinal gradient. A remarkable total of 245 ant species was recorded, and the results indicate that species richness decreases as latitude increases along the grasslands of Paraná. There were clear differences in species composition between these two grasslands formations, given the significative number of endemic species in each of these two grassland formations. Ten species were recorded for the first time in the state of Paraná, of which three also for the first time in the Southern Region of Brazil. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding about the diversity and composition of ant communities in subtropical grasslands.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the following specialists in different ant genera who confirmed the species identified in this study: Alexandre Casadei Ferreira (Pheidole), Aline Machado de Oliveira (Cephalotes), Emília Z. de Albuquerque (Cyphomyrmex and Mycetophylax); Lina Maria Pedraza (Crematogaster), Lívia P. Prado (Octostruma), Mayron Escárraga (Linepithema), Rodolfo Probst (Myrmelachista), and Thiago S. Ranzani da Silva (Strumigenys). This work was supported by the Brazilian Council of Research and Scientific Development (CNPq grants 459353/2014-4 and 457407/2012-3). Finally, WF and RMF thank the CNPq for the grants 141234/2018-0 and 302462/2016-3, respectively.

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(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico- CNPq; Grants 141234/2018-0; 302462/2016-3; 459353/2014-4; 457407/2012-3)

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  1. Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil

    Weslly Franco & Rodrigo Machado Feitosa

  2. Instituto de Biologia, Univ Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

    Heraldo Luis Vasconcelos

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Weslly Franco: contributed substantially in the concept of the study, in data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and to prepare the manuscript; Heraldo Luis Vasconcelos contributed to data analysis and interpretation and did a critical revision, adding intellectual content; Rodrigo M. Feitosa: contributed substantially in the concept of the study, in data collection, data interpretation, and to prepare the manuscript

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Franco, W., Vasconcelos, H.L. & Feitosa, R.M. Patterns of Ant Diversity in the Natural Grasslands of Southern Brazil. Neotrop Entomol 50, 725–735 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-021-00886-y

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