Skip to main content
Log in

Robust Path Following Control Via Command-Filtered Backstepping Scheme

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a robust path following control law that enables a fixed-wing UAV to track a reference path under the wind disturbance. The proposed path following control law combines the kinematic control law for regulating the distance error to the moving reference point and the command-filtered backstepping scheme for obtaining the roll command of the UAV. Unlike the conventional backstepping scheme, the command-filtered backstepping scheme avoids the numerical differentiation to compute the filtered derivative of the desired course angle command, which increases the overall system robustness. Along with the rigorous theoretical proof, the performance of the proposed control law is evaluated via the hardware-in-the-loop simulations and the flight tests. The experimental results show that the improved tracking performance as well as the enhanced robustness, proving the applicability of the proposed algorithm in the various mission of the fixed-wing UAV in wind disturbance environment

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jung D (2007) Hierarchical path planning and control of a small fixed-wing UAV: theory and experimental validation. Ph.D. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/19781. Accessed 1 Mar 2021

  2. Zhao S, Wang X, Zhang D, Shen L (2018) Curved path following control for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles with control constraint. J Intell Robot Syst 89:107–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-017-0472-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Beard R, Ferrin J, Humphery J (2014) Fixed wing UAV path following in wind with input constraints. IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol 22(6):2103–2117. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2014.2303787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Park S (2016) Vision-based guidance for loitering over a target. Int J Aeronaut Space Sci 17(3):366–377. https://doi.org/10.5139/IJASS.2016.17.3.366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Nelson D, Barber D, McLain T, Beard R (2007) Vector field path following for miniature air vehicles. IEEE Trans Robot 23(3):519–529. https://doi.org/10.1109/TRO.2007.898976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. de Marina HG, Kaptianyuk YA, Bronz M, Hattenberger G, Cao M (2017) Guidance algorithm for smooth trajectory tracking of a fixed wing UAV flying in wind flows. In: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, Singapore, pp 5740–5745. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2017.7989674

  7. Zhou B, Satyavada H, Baldi S (2017) Adaptive path following for unmanned aerial vehicles in time-varying unknown wind environments. In: Proceedings of the 2017 American control conference, Seattle, WA, pp 1127–1132. https://doi.org/10.23919/ACC.2017.7963104

  8. Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Yu Z, Qu Y (2018) Line-of-sight path following control on UAV with sideslip estimation and compensation. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Chinese control conference, Wuhan, pp 4711–4716. https://doi.org/10.23919/ChiCC.2018.8483606

  9. Sun S, Dong K, Guo C, Tan D (2020) A wind estimation based on unscented kalman filter for standoff target tracking using a fixed-wing UAV. Int J Aeronaut Space Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-020-00290-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Park S (2017) Wind and airspeed error estimation with GPS and pitot-static system for small UAV. Int J Aeronaut Space Sci 18(2):344–351. https://doi.org/10.5139/IJASS.2017.18.2.344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Shin D, Song Y, Oh J, Oh H (2021) Nonlinear disturbance observer-based standoff target tracking for small fixed-wing UAVs. Int J Aeronaut Space Sci 22:108–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-020-00275-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zheng Z, Feroskhan M (2017) Path following of a surface vessel with prescribed performance in the presence of input saturation and external disturbances. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 22(6):2564–2575. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2017.2756110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lee D, Lee H, Lee J, Shim H (2017) Design, implementation, and flight tests of a feedback linearization controller for multirotor UAVs. Int J Aeronaut Space Sci 18(4):740–756. https://doi.org/10.5139/IJASS.2017.18.4.740

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim Y, Tahk M (2020) Performance improvement of an unpowered auto-landing guidance for UAV under steady wind conditions. Int J Aeronaut Space Sci 21:210–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-019-00192-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Jung D, Tsiotras P (2008) Bank-to-turn control for a small UAV using backstepping and parameter adaptation. In: IFAC Proceedings volumes, Seoul, Korea, vol 41, pp 4406–4411. https://doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-KR-1001.00742

  16. Cho N, Kim Y (2015) Lyapunov-based three-dimensional nonlinear path-following guidance law. In: AIAA guidance, navigation and control conference, AIAA Paper 2015–1317. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1317

  17. Zhang Q, Liu HHT (2020) Robust nonlinear close formation control of multiple fixed-wing aircraft. J Guid Control Dyn. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G004592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Farrel JA, Polycarpou M, Sharma M, Dong W (2009) Command filtered backstepping. IEEE Trans Autom Control 54(6):1391–1395. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2009.2015562

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Chen WH, Ballance DJ, Gawthrop PJ, O’Reilly J (2000) A Nonlinear disturbance observer for robotic manipulators. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 47(4):932–938. https://doi.org/10.1109/41.857974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kim S, Cho H, Jung D (2020) Evaluation of cooperative guidance for formation flight of fixed-wing UAVs using mesh network. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE international conference on unmanned aircraft systems, Athens, Greece, pp 282–294. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS48674.2020.9213844

  21. Jung D, Tsiotras P (2013) On-line path generation for unmmaned aerial vehicles using B-spline path templates. J Guid Control Dyn 36(6):1642–1653. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.60780

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is carried out with the support of the Korea Industrial Technology Evaluation and Management Service funded by the government (Ministry of Industry and Commerce) in 2020 (Project No. 10054930, Development of the Cooperative Operation System for UAVs based on ICT convergence).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dongwon Jung.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, S., Cho, H. & Jung, D. Robust Path Following Control Via Command-Filtered Backstepping Scheme. Int. J. Aeronaut. Space Sci. 22, 1141–1153 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-021-00395-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-021-00395-7

Keywords

Navigation