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Sources, chemistry, bioremediation and social aspects of arsenic-contaminated waters: a review

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Abstract

Arsenic-contaminated water is a major concern in many areas worldwide, causing several diseases such as cancer. There is therefore a need for advanced methods to clean waters because conventional methods have drawbacks such as generation of hazardous sludge, heavy operation and high costs. Here we review arsenic sources, chemistry, toxicity and remediation methods. We discuss also sociological aspects of arsenic prevention. Sources include surface water, groundwater and seawater. Methods include bioremediation, phyto-remediation and biofilters. Sociological aspects are public awareness, sharing information on arsenic-free water sources, removing As at the household level, building a community plant and training facilitators.

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Abbreviations

ADT:

Adenosine triphosphate

H2AsO4 :

Arsenic sulfide

CAS:

Autotroph specie

BA:

Bioaccumulation

US-EPA:

Environment Protection Agency of USA

IARC:

International Agency for Research on Cancer

MBR:

Membrane bioreactor

RO:

Reverse osmosis

RP:

Redox potential

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad; The authors also acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia for support through Research Groups Project under grant number (RGP.1/73/42), and School of Engineering of Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Malaysia, for their technical support.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Syed Ejaz Hussain Mehdi & Rabia Amen

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Awais Ali

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, G. T. Road, Lahore, Pakistan

    Hirra Anjum

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Abid Mahmood & Muhammad Ibrahim

  5. Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia

    Muhammad Mubashir

  6. Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Ahmad Mukhtar

  7. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Sami Ullah & Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi

  8. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman

    Mohd Shariq Khan

  9. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea

    Muhammad Abdul Qyyum

  10. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, Broga Road, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Pau Loke Show

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  1. Syed Ejaz Hussain Mehdi
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  2. Rabia Amen
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Mehdi, S.E.H., Amen, R., Ali, A. et al. Sources, chemistry, bioremediation and social aspects of arsenic-contaminated waters: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 3859–3886 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01254-3

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