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Fate and tissue distribution of Mycobacterium fortuitum through immersion challenge as a model of natural infection in Osphronemus goramy

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Abstract

Mycobacteriosis has been recognized as an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum in aquaculture. In Indonesia, mycobacteriosis outbreak has been detected in West Java, Central Java, and East Java. However, no studies have yet described the pathogenesis of mycobacteriosis in gourami. Therefore, this study was designed to detect the portal of entry and tissue distribution of M. fortuitum in gourami through immersion challenge. The immersion route was selected for the infection method as it is capable of describing the occurrence of natural disease as an infection model. This study was conducted in two steps. First, the fish was immersed in M. fortuitum concentrations of 104–108 CFU mL−1 to determine the lethal dose of 50 (LD50). Second, the fish was immersed in LD50 to examine the portal of entry and tissue distribution of M. fortuitum in gourami and to determine the nonspecific immune response of fish after infection. Results showed that the LD50 of M. fortuitum through immersion challenge in gourami was 107 CFU mL−1. The portal of entry of M. fortuitum was the skin and gills, after which it spread through blood circulation to internal organs such as the liver and kidney. Finally, it was observed that the bacteria were released through the intestine. These findings indicate the M. fortuitum infection outbreak in fish was chronic and systemic and distributed in tissues. The infected fish responded to the infection by increasing the total leukocyte count and phagocytic activity after challenge with M. fortuitum.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Bogor, Indonesia, as the M. fortuitum bacteria provider. We would like to thank the laboratory staff of aquatic organism health in the IPB University for facility support and Mr. Dendi Hidayatullah and Mr. Hasan Nasrullah for their advice and the technical support.

Funding

This research was partially supported by PTUPT Research Grant No: 1/E/KP.PTNBH/2020 and 1/AMD/E1/KP.PTNBH/2020 from Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Indonesia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB (Bogor Agricultural University) University, Bogor, Indonesia

    Maulina Agriandini, Sukenda Sukenda & Widanarni Widanarni

  2. Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Bogor, Indonesia

    Angela Mariana Lusiastuti

Authors
  1. Maulina Agriandini
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  2. Sukenda Sukenda
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  3. Widanarni Widanarni
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  4. Angela Mariana Lusiastuti
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Contributions

Maulina Agriandini performed the experiment, analyzed the data, and wrote the first version of the manuscript. Sukenda designed the study and wrote the first version of manuscript. Widanarni designed the study, reviewed the first version of the manuscript, and approved for publication. Angela Mariana Lusiastuti designed the study, reviewed the first version of the manuscript, and approved for publication.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sukenda Sukenda.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

All experiments in this study associated with fish complied with animal welfare and were conducted according to protocol number 181-2020, approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the IPB University, April 2020.

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All authors consented to participate in all aspects of this study and publication.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Agriandini, M., Sukenda, S., Widanarni, W. et al. Fate and tissue distribution of Mycobacterium fortuitum through immersion challenge as a model of natural infection in Osphronemus goramy. Aquacult Int 29, 1979–1989 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00729-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00729-y

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