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Carbon Source Applied in Enrichment Stage of Mixed Microbial Cultures Limits the Substrate Adaptability for PHA Fermentation Using the Renewable Carbon

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Abstract

Suitability of different substrates for enriched mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) is of importance to the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) fermentation using renewable carbon. In this study, three enriched MMCs were evaluated for their fermentation features and kinetics with different carbon sources (sodium acetate, glucose, or starch). The results showed that the highly specific bacterial community composition was developed depending on the applied carbon source. Correspondence analysis suggested that the genus affiliated in Gammaproteobacteria_unclassified was related to 3-hydroxybutyrate (HB) synthesis in acetate-fed MMC (relative abundance of 38%) and glucose-fed MMC (relative abundance of 76.7%), whereas Vibrio genus was related to 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) production in glucose-fed MMC (relative abundance of 0.4%) and starch-fed MMC (relative abundance of 94.6%). The acetate-fed MMC could not use glucose and starch as fermentation carbon sources, showing the limitation of microbial species developed with the specific metabolic substrate. Glucose-fed MMC produced the highest PHA cell content of 64.2% cell dry weight when using sodium acetate as the fermentation carbon. Glucose-fed MMC showed wide resilience and adaptation to various carbon sources. When actual landfill leachate was used for fermentation by glucose-fed MMC, maximum PHA cell content of 45.5% cell dry weight and the PHA volumetric productivity of 0.265 g PHA/(L·h) were obtained. This study suggested carbon sources applied in the MMC enrichment stage had a significant influence on utilization of carbon in the fermentation stage.

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Availability of Data and Material

The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code Availability

The raw sequence data of sludge samples was submitted to NCBI sequence read archive database (PRJNA707648).

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 51878010) and Great Wall scholar program of the Beijing municipal high-level faculty support (CIT&TCD20190310).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Jin Zhao, You-Wei Cui, Hong-Yu Zhang & Ze-Liang Gao

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  1. Jin Zhao
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  2. You-Wei Cui
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  3. Hong-Yu Zhang
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Contributions

Conceptualization: J. Zhao, Y. W. Cui; data curation: J. Zhao, H. Y. Zhang; formal analysis and investigation: J. Zhao, H. Y. Zhang, Z. L. Gao; methodology: Y. W. Cui; supervision: Y. W. Cui; writing – original draft: H. Y. Zhang, J. Zhao; writing – review and editing: J. Zhao, Y. W. Cui, H. Y. Zhang, Z. L. Gao.

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Correspondence to You-Wei Cui.

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Zhao, J., Cui, YW., Zhang, HY. et al. Carbon Source Applied in Enrichment Stage of Mixed Microbial Cultures Limits the Substrate Adaptability for PHA Fermentation Using the Renewable Carbon. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 193, 3253–3270 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03587-9

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