Abstract
Named Data Networking (NDN) is a promising architecture that aims to natively satisfy emerging applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT). Therefore, enabling NDN in real-world IoT deployments is becoming essential in order to benefit from Information Centric Networking (ICN) features. To design realistic NDN-based communication solutions for IoT, revisiting mainstream technologies such as low-power wireless standards may be the key. In this paper, we explore NDN forwarding over IEEE 802.15.4 following two steps. First, we mathematically model a broadcast-based forwarding strategy for NDN over constrained networks with the IEEE 802.15.4 technology in mind. The model estimates the number of frames transmitted and the mean round-trip time per request, under content popularity considerations. Second, based on mathematical and experimental observations of the broadcast-based forwarding at network level, we elaborate Named-Data Carrier-Sense Multiple Access (ND-CSMA), an adaptation of the Carrier-Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) algorithm used in IEEE 802.15.4. Results show that adaptations such as ND-CSMA may be reasonably envisioned to improve NDN efficiency with current IoT technologies.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ICN :
-
Information Centric Networking
- NDN :
-
Named Data Networking
- RTT :
-
Round-Trip Time
- CSMA :
-
Carrier-Sense Multiple Access
- ND-CSMA :
-
Named-Data Carrier-Sense Multiple Access
- LRU :
-
Least Recently Used
- MANET :
-
Mobile Ad hoc Network
- FIB :
-
Forwarding Information Base
- PIT :
-
Pending Interest Table
- CS :
-
Content Store
- BF :
-
Blind Flooding
- NIC :
-
Network Interface Controller
- CF :
-
Controlled Flooding
- dw :
-
defer window
- CPR :
-
Cost-per-request
- RPR :
-
Round-trip time per request
- NB :
-
Number of Back-offs
- BE :
-
Back-off Exponent
- CCA :
-
Clear Channel Assessment
References
IEEE (2016) Ieee standard for information technology—telecommunications and information exchange between systems local and metropolitan area networks—specific requirements - part 11, Wireless lan medium access control (mac) and physical layer (phy) specifications. IEEE Std 802.11-2016 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.11-2012), pp 1–3534
Montenegro G, Hui J, Culler D, Kushalnagar N (2007) Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks, RFC 4944
Shelby Z, Hartke K, Bormann C (2014) The Constrained Application Protocol (coAP), RFC 7252
Shang W, Yu Y, Droms R, Zhang L Challenges in IoT networking via TCP/IP architecture, NDN, Tech. Rep. NDN-0038, February 2016. [Online]. Available: https://named-data.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ndn-0038-1-challenges-iot.pdf
Ahlgren B, Dannewitz C, Imbrenda C, Kutscher D, Ohlman B (2012) A Survey of Information-Centric Networking. IEEE Commun Mag 50(7):26–36
Zhang L, Afanasyev A, Burke J, Jacobson V, claffy kc, Crowley P, Papadopoulos C, Wang L, Zhang B (2014) Named Data Networking. ACM SIG-COMM Comput Commun Rev 44(3):66–77
Shang W, Bannisy A, Liangz T, Wangx Z, Yu Y, Afanasyev A, Thompsonx J, Burkex J, Zhangz B, Zhang L (2016) Named Data Networking of Things (Invited paper). In: The 1st IEEE intl. Conf. on internet-of-things design and implementation, Berlin, pp 117–128
Carofiglio G, Morabito G, Muscariello L, Solis I, Varvello M (2013) From content delivery today to information centric networking. Comput Netw 57(16):3116–3127. Information Centric Networking
qing G, WANG T, LIU J, ya J, Chen H, Jie Liu Y (2013) Modeling in-network caching and bandwidth sharing performance in information-centric networking. J China Univ Posts Telecommun 20 (2):99–105
Ren Y, Li J, Li L, Shi S, Zhi J, Wu H (2017) Modeling content transfer performance in information-centric networking. Futur Gener Comput Syst 74:12–19
Udugama A, Palipana S, Goerg C (2013) Analytical characterisation of multi-path content delivery in content centric networks. In: 2013 Conference on Future Internet Communications (CFIC), pp 1–7
Carofiglio G, Gallo M, Muscariello L, Perino D (2011) Modeling data transfer in content-centric networking. In: 2011 23rd International Teletraffic Congress (ITC), pp 111–118
Abane A, Daoui M, Bouzefrane S, Muhlethaler P (2019) Ndn-over-zigbee: a zigbee support for named data networking. Futur Gener Comput Syst 93:792–798
Kietzmann P, Gündogan C, Schmidt TC, Hahm O, Wählisch M (2017) The need for a name to MAC address mapping in NDN towards quantifying the resource gain. In: ACM ICN 2017 - 4Th ACM conference on information-centric networking, Berlin
Amadeo M, Campolo C, Molinaro A, Ruggeri G (2014) Content-centric wireless networking: A survey. Comput Netw 72:1–13. [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128614002497http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128614002497
Ren Z, Hail MA, Hellbrück H (2013) CCN-WSN - A lightweight, flexible content-centric networking protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: 2013 IEEE eighth international conference on intelligent sensors. Sensor Networks and Information Processing, pp 123–128
Amadeo M, Campolo C, Molinaro A, Mitton N (2013) Named data networking: a natural design for data collection in wireless sensor networks. in: 2013 IFIP wireless days (WD), pp 1–6
Kietzmann P, Gündogan C, Schmidt TC, Hahm O, Wählisch M (2017) The Need for a Name to MAC Address Mapping in NDN: Towards Quantifying the Resource Gain. In: ACM ICN 2017 - 4th ACM Conference on Information-Centric Networking, Berlin. [Online]. Available: https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01666601
Shi J, Newberry E, Zhang B (2017) On broadcast-based self-learning in named data networking. In: 2017 IFIP networking conference, IFIP Networking) and Workshops, pp 1–9
Shi J, Liang T, Wu H, Liu B, Zhang B (2016) Ndn-nic: Name-based filtering on network interface card. In: ICN
Wang L, Afanasyev A, Kuntz R, Vuyyuru R, Wakikawa R, Zhang L (2012) Rapid traffic information dissemination using named data. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Emerging Name-Oriented Mobile Networking Design - Architecture, Algorithms, and Applications, ser. NoM ’12. ACM, New York, pp 7–12. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/2248361.2248365
Amadeo M, Campolo C, Molinaro A (2015) Forwarding strategies in named data wireless ad hoc networks: Design and evaluation. J Netw Comput Appl 50(Supplement C):148–158
Breslau L, Cao P, Fan L, Phillips G, Shenker S (1999) Web caching and zipf-like distributions: evidence and implications. In: IEEE INFOCOM ’99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320), vol 1, pp 126–134
Abane A, Muhlethaler P, Bouzefrane S, Daoui M, Battou A (2018) Towards evaluating named data networking for the iot: A framework for omnet++ 09
IEEE (2011) Ieee standard for local and metropolitan area networks–part 15.4: Low-rate wireless personal area networks (lr-wpans). IEEE Std 802.15.4-2011 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006), pp 1–314
ZHAO L, wei G, BAI H, min Z (2013) SHEN TANG, Priority-based ieee 802.15.4 csma/ca mechanism for wsns. J China Univ Posts Telecommun 20(1):47–53
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abane, A., Muhlethaler, P. & Bouzefrane, S. Modeling and improving named data networking over IEEE 802.15.4. Ann. Telecommun. 76, 839–850 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-021-00848-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-021-00848-w