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Elevated salinity and water table drawdown significantly affect greenhouse gas emissions in soils from contrasting land-use practices in the prairie pothole region

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Abstract

Land-use practices can alter shallow groundwater and salinity, further impacting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly in the hydrologically dynamic riparian zones of wetlands. Emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O were estimated in soil cores collected from two prairie pothole region (PPR) sites with three adjacent land-use practices (i.e., annual crop = AC, pasture = PA, and short rotation willow = SRW) and treated with declining water table depths (2 to 26 cm), and salinity (S0 = control, S1 = 6 mS cm−1, and S2 = 12 mS cm−1) in a microcosm experiment. Land-use practices significantly (p < 0.001) affected GHG emissions in soils from both sites in the order of PA > AC = SRW. Compared to the control, emissions of CO2 and CH4 were significantly lower under higher salinity treatments (i.e., S1 and S2), while N2O was significantly higher (p < 0.05). Emissions under declining groundwater table depths were significantly (p < 0.001) variable and specific to each gas, indicating the impacts of shifted soil moisture regime. Overall, the CO2 and CH4 emissions increased up to week four and then decreased with declining water table depths, whereas N2O emission increased up to a maximum at week six. The soils from SRW had considerably lower global warming potential compared to AC and PA. Groundwater salinity in soils from contrasting land-use in the PPR has significant impacts on GHG emissions with potential for crucial climate feedback; however, the magnitude and direction of the impacts depend on hydrology.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ron Gares, Brain Bogdan, and Derek Durun from the Agroforestry Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Indian Head; Cierra Wallington from the Applied Pedology Lab, Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, SK Canada for their assistance in soil core samples collection. We also thank Shahrima Tahsin for her support in collecting GHG samples and Frank Krijnen for assisting with GHG measurements.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant to ABH (RGPIN-2017-05909) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) A-Base research funding to RS (LOI 1231). Also, SS received funding support from AAFC’s Research Affiliate Program. The funding agency had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, the decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada

    Shayeb Shahariar, Richard Farrell & Angela Bedard-Haughn

  2. Indian Head Research Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Indian Head, SK, S0G 2K0, Canada

    Raju Soolanayakanahally

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  1. Shayeb Shahariar
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Contributions

SS conceptualized, designed, and performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared all figures and tables, authored and reviewed drafts of the manuscript, and made final editorial decisions regarding all text and graphs, and approved the final draft. RF contributed reagents and instrument support for GHG analyses, made critical comments, reviewed drafts of the manuscript, and approved the final draft. RS provided technical supports for soil core samples collection, reviewed drafts of the manuscript, made critical comments, and approved the final draft. AB-H provided all necessary financial support and supplies required for the greenhouse experiment, contributed and guided the fundamental ideas for this work, reviewed drafts of the manuscript, made critical comments, and approved the final draft.

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Correspondence to Shayeb Shahariar.

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Shahariar, S., Farrell, R., Soolanayakanahally, R. et al. Elevated salinity and water table drawdown significantly affect greenhouse gas emissions in soils from contrasting land-use practices in the prairie pothole region. Biogeochemistry 155, 127–146 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00818-3

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