Abstract
The Gulf of the Maine (GoM) is one of the fastest warming bodies of water in the world, posing serious physiological challenges to its marine inhabitants. Marine organisms can cope with the cellular and molecular stresses created by climate change through changes in gene expression. We used transcriptomics to examine how exposure to current summer temperatures (16 °C) or temperature regimes reflective of projected moderate and severe warming conditions (18 °C and 22 °C, respectively) during larval development alters expression of transcripts affiliated with the cellular stress response (CSR) in postlarval American lobsters (Homarus americanus). We identified 26 significantly differentially expressed (DE) transcripts annotated to CSR proteins. Specifically, transcripts for proteins affiliated with heat shock, the ubiquitin family, DNA repair, and apoptosis were significantly over-expressed in lobsters reared at higher temperatures relative to current conditions. Substantial variation in the CSR expression between postlarvae reared at 18 °C and those reared at 22 °C suggests that postlarvae reared under severe warming may have a hindered ability to cope with the physiological and molecular challenges of ocean warming. These results highlight that postlarval American lobsters may experience significant heat stress as rapid warming in the GoM continues, potentially compromising their ability to prevent cellular damage and inhibiting the reallocation of cellular energy towards other physiological functions beyond activation of the CSR. Moreover, this study establishes additional American lobster stress markers and addresses various knowledge gaps in crustacean biology, where sufficient ‘omics research is lacking.
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Acknowledgements
We thank K. Thompson of Maine DMR for the collection of animals and R. Harrington and N. Greenberg for their involvement in the larval system design and maintenance. We also thank M.S. Tudor, H. Reese, and E. Tarr for their help in animal husbandry data collection.
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This research was supported by funds under award # NA14NMF4270031 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, Saltonstall-Kennedy Program; the National Science Foundation award IIA-1355457 to Maine EPSCoR at the University of Maine; the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project MEO21811 to Dr. Hamlin; and the Wesleyan University College of the Environment Fellowship awarded to Rebecca Lopez-Anido.
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Study concept and design were contributed by HJH. Study execution and sample collection were contributed by AMH. Data analyses were contributed by AMH and RLA. The initial manuscript draft was contributed by RLA; all authors contributed to revisions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Fig. S1.
Volcano plots for differentially expressed (DE) transcripts in postlarvae reared under severe warming (22 °C) vs. current average summer temperatures (16 °C) (a), moderate warming (18 °C) vs. current average summer temperatures (b), and severe warming vs. moderate warming (c). In each temperature treatment comparison, log2 Fold Change is calculated as the first (higher) temperature relative to the second (lower) temperature. All significantly DE transcripts (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05) are colored: pink dots represent significantly over-expressed transcripts (log2 Fold Change ≥ 0.6), whereas orange dots represent significantly under-expressed transcripts (Fold Change ≤ -0.6) dots. Transcripts annotated to the cellular stress response are labeled with their Blast2GO/OmicsBox descriptions. (DOCX 16326 kb)
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Lopez-Anido, R.N., Harrington, A.M. & Hamlin, H.J. Coping with stress in a warming Gulf: the postlarval American lobster’s cellular stress response under future warming scenarios. Cell Stress and Chaperones 26, 721–734 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-021-01217-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-021-01217-1