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Photodegradation of Naproxen Using Ag/AgCl–PANI Composite under Solar Light: Transformation Product and Reaction Kinetics

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Abstract

The photocatalytic degradation of organic micropollutant naproxen (NPX) was evaluated under solar light using Ag/AgCl–polyaniline (Ag/AgCl–PANI) photocatalyst. The degradation experiments were monitored using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry. High stability and high photocatalytic degradation rate with a first-order kinetics behavior of NPX were observed. The degradation rate increases with increasing the photocatalyst dose and decreases with increasing the initial concentration of NPX. Besides, the highest photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgCl–PANI(5%) towards the removal of NPX was in basic media (pH 11). However, the complete mineralization of NPX needed more time than that of its photodegradation indicating the presence of NPX derived byproduct. The transformation products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The oxidizing species, h+ and \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\bullet - }}\), caused electron transfer oxidation process and resulted in two different reaction pathways.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank all reference laboratory staff in Holding Company for Water and Wastewater for their help, encouragement and continuous support. We should mention that photodegradation experiments and measurements were done at the reference laboratory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Reference Laboratory of Drinking Water, Holding Company for Water and Wastewater, P.O. 13864, Shubra El Kheima, Qalyubia, Egypt

    Hossam A. Ghaly

  2. Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

    Amer S. El-Kalliny & Tarek A. Gad-Allah

  3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt

    Nour E. A. Abd El-Sattar

Authors
  1. Hossam A. Ghaly
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  2. Amer S. El-Kalliny
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  3. Tarek A. Gad-Allah
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  4. Nour E. A. Abd El-Sattar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nour E. A. Abd El-Sattar.

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Abbreviations: NPX, naproxen; PhACs, pharmaceuticals; SPR, surface plasmonic resonance; UPLC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography; PANI, polyaniline; LC/MS–MS, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry; GC/MS–MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; MRM, multiple reaction monitoring; PZC, point of zero charge.

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Ghaly, H., El-Kalliny, A.S., Gad-Allah, T.A. et al. Photodegradation of Naproxen Using Ag/AgCl–PANI Composite under Solar Light: Transformation Product and Reaction Kinetics. Kinet Catal 62, 367–374 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158421030034

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158421030034

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