Abstract
In this study of the Southern Federal District (SFD) in mainland Russia, the spatial nature and temporal trends of the growing season duration, its provision with thermal energy and moisture, and the phenomena of stress temperature for plants were analyzed on the basis of climatic data from 20 meteorological stations for the period 1960–2018. The growing season length (GSL), frost-free period (FFP), last frost day (LFD), and first frost day (FFD) indices were used as an indicator of the onset time and the duration of the growing season. The growing degree day (GDD) index was used as an indicator of heat supply of the growing season. The Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) was used to assess the moisture supply regime. Plant heat stress (PHS) and plant high heat stress (PHHS) were used as indicators of heat stress. In the southern part near the Black Sea coast and in the Caucasus foothills, the most favorable conditions were noted as regards the growing season duration, heat supply of plants, and the moisture regime. The most extreme conditions are typical for the eastern part, where the moisture supply level is low and there are many days with stressful temperatures for plants. Trend analysis of the agro-climatic indices for the SFD territory showed an increase in GSL and FFP mainly due to the later onset of FFD in 1960–2018. In almost every case, there is a statistically significant upward trend in GDD, PHS, and PHHS. For HTC, in general, there is an insignificant downward trend.
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The research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the state task in the field of scientific activity (no. 0852–2020-0029).
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VG: Writing- Original draft preparation. AU, AI: Conceptualization. VG, YD, VS, KA: Investigation, Formal analysis.
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Gudko, V., Usatov, A., Ioshpa, A. et al. Agro-climatic conditions of the Southern Federal District of Russia in the context of climate change. Theor Appl Climatol 145, 989–1006 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03677-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03677-y