Abstract
Volt/VAr/Demand control of consumer points in active distribution networks is a multidirectional function affected by the transmission, production, and network operations. Load tap changers and voltage regulators are the most common network elements for decreasing main fluctuations. However, the voltage changes performed by these network devices also affect the active and reactive consumptions at the subscriber side. The effect of solar power plants on the network is examined within the simulation study implemented on a realistic network model of Burdur TS, and an alternative method for voltage/reactive power control has been proposed. An experimental study is carried out in Burdur Kozluca feeder using the realistic output parameters of inverter devices of seven different Solar Energy Power Plants, and the new control algorithm is designed using these realistic data. This control process is materialized with a control unit used as a remote interface under the favor of a central decision structure worked upon a real-time Volt/VAr algorithm. Designed algorithm yields the power plants can receive inductive power from the distribution network with a demand of 10%, in which case the voltage was reduced from 1,146 p.u. to 1.001 p.u. Since existing solar power plants in the grid were used for Volt/VAr regulation, the requirement for an additional reactor, capacitor, OLTC installation on the feeder line was eliminated. Therefore, more functional control of the distribution network with the solar power plants may be obtained thanks to the designed control algorithm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Turkish Electricity Generation-Transmission Statistics: TEİAŞ (2019) https://www.teias.gov.tr/tr/i-kurulu-guc-1. Accessed 11 May 2020
Viawan F, Karlsson D (2007) Combined local and remote voltage and reactive power control in the presence of induction machine distributed generation. IEEE Trans Power Syst 22:2003–2012
McClelland C, Van Home PR (1985) Fast voltage prediction using a knowledge-based approach. IEEE Trans PAS 102:315–319
Zhu X, Wang J, Mulcahy D, Lubkeman DL, Lu N, Samaan N, Huang R (2017) Voltage-load sensitivity matrix based demand response for voltage control in high solar penetration distribution feeder. In: IEEE power and energy society general meeting, Chicago
Ren W, Ghassempouraghamolki H (2018) Tuning of voltage regulator control in distribution. In: IEEE power and energy society general meeting, Portland
Feng X, Peterson W, Yang F, Wickramasekara GM, Finney J (2009) Smart grids are more efficient: voltage and VAr optimization reduces energy losses and peak demands. ABB Rev 3:1–5
Liu Y, Zhang P, Qiu X (2000) Optimal reactive power and voltage control for radial distribution system. IEEE Power Eng Soc Summer Meeting 1:85–90
Manbachi M et al (2016) Real-time co-simulation platform for smart grid Volt-VAR optimization using IEC 61850. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 12(4):1392–1402. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2016.2569586
Ahmadi H, Martí JR, Dommel HW (2015) A framework for volt-VAR optimization in distribution systems. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 6(3):1473–1483. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2014.2374613
Palmintier B, Giraldez J, Gruchalla K, Gantz J, Boardman E (2016) Feeder voltage regulation with high-penetration PV using advanced inverters and a distribution management system. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden
Schulte RP, Sheble GB, Larsen SL, Wrubel JN, Wollenberg BF (1987) Artificial intelligence solutions to power system operating problems. IEEE Trans PWRS 2:920–926
Jahangiri P, Aliprantis D (2013) Distributed Volt/VAr control by PV inverters. IEEE Trans Power Syst 28:3429–3439
Zhang C, Xu Y, Dong ZY, Ravishankar J (2017) Three-stage robust inverter-based voltage/var control for distribution networks with high-level PV. IEEE Trans Smart Grid PP(99):1
Malekpour AR, Pahwa A (2017) A dynamic operational scheme for residential PV smart inverters. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 8(5):2258–2267
Karthikeyan N, Pokhrel BR, Pillai JR, Bak-Jensen B (2017) Coordinated voltage control of distributed PV inverters for voltage regulation in low voltage distribution networks. In: 2017 IEEE PES innovative smart grid technologies conference Europe (ISGT-Europe), pp 1–6
Shah D, Crow ML (2016) Online Volt-Var control for distribution systems with solid-state transformers. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 31(1):343–350
Safavizadeh A, Yousefi GR, Karshenas HR (2017) Voltage variation mitigation using reactive power management of distributed energy resources in a smart distribution system. IEEE Trans Smart Grid PP(99):1
Farivar M, Clarke C, Low S, Chandy K (2011) Inverter VAr control for distribution systems with renewables. Department of Computer Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
Cheng SJ, Malik OP, Hope GS (1988) An expert system for voltage and reactive power control of a power system. IEEE Trans PWRS 3:1449–1455
Abido MA, Bakhashwain JM (2005) Optimal VAR dispatch using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 27:13–20
Padullaparti V, Nguyen Q, Santoso S (2016) Advances in Volt-VAr control approaches in utility distribution systems. In: IEEE power engineering society general meeting
Saber AY, Senjyu T (2007) Memory-bounded ant colony optimization with dynamic programming and a local search for generator planning. IEEE Trans Power Syst 22:1965–1973
Liang R-H, Cheng C-K (2001) Dispatch of main transformer ULTC and capacitors in a distribution system. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 16(4):626–630
Roytelman I, Medina J (2016) Volt/VAr control and conservation voltage reduction as a function of advanced DMS. In: 2016 IEEE power and energy society innovative smart grid technologies conference (ISGT), pp 1–4
Niknam T (2008) A new approach based on ant colony optimization for daily Volt/VAr control in distribution networks considering distributed generators. Energy Convers Manag 49:3417–3424
Electricity Market Side Services Regulation: TEİAŞ (2017) https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=24112&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5. Accessed 21 May 2020
Niknam T, Zare M, Aghaei J (2012) Scenario-based multiobjective Volt/Var control in distribution networks including renewable energy sources. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 27(4):2004–2019
Acknowledgements
This study is part of F. Güler’s Master’s Thesis, and H. F. Carlak is the thesis supervisor.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Appendix
Appendix
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Carlak, H.F., Güler, F. Power plant solar inverter control algorithm design for the Volt/VAr/demand control of a distribution network. Electr Eng 104, 681–696 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01317-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01317-2