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H5N1 Avian Flu Infection in Hubbard Broiler Chicken Can Be Prevented or Cured by Methylated Soy Protein During 42 Days Rearing

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Abstract

Methylated soy protein (MSP) which is positively charged with enhanced hydrophobicity may have antiviral action. This study is verifying if MSP can act inhibit H5N1 inside an animal model. Five groups of Hubbard chicks were challenged at the 25th day of the experiment with AIV virus (H5N1; 0.1 × 105 EID50/mL); 1 group did not receive any treatment (positive control), 2 groups (protective) received treatments before and after the challenge (0.1–0.2 g/L in drinking water ad libitum), and 2 groups (curative) received them only after the challenge. The positive control recorded 100% mortality after 3–5 days of infection. Chicken receiving MSP (0.2 g/L), delayed reaching to 100% mortality to the 7th day after infection, while those receiving MSP low level (0.1 g/L) could achieve 100% survival during the whole incubation period (42 days), either as a preventive or curative approach. H5N1 virus was not detected in the tracheal and cloacal swabs of the groups receiving 0.1 g/L, opposite to the positive control. The low level of MSP (0.1 g/L) reduced the viral titer to about 1% of the positive control in the protective and curative groups after 5 days of infection, and could maintain the bird body-weight, liver and kidney function, and histopathological status within the normal values. Humoral and TLC response in the group receiving both the virus and the MSP (0.1 g/L) may refer to a possibility that MSP-weakened virus has transformed into a vaccine-like material eliciting host immunity.

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taken from the H5N1-infected birds 3 days after infection with 0.1 mL of inoculum containing 105 EID50/mL of H5N1 as compared to the protective group which received additionally MSP (0.1 g/L in drinking water) during the whole rearing period. The histopathological sections of the protective groups were taken at the same time as the positive control group. The tracheal mucosa of the positive control (Tm1 and Tm2) manifested clear necrosis (star) beside epithelial desquamation (curved arrow). Lung tissue (Lu1 and Lu2) of the same animals showed also necrotic changes (curved arrow) with emphysematous area (arrowhead) beside pneumonic changes (open arrows), perivascular edema (closed arrow), and hemorrhage (star). The liver sections from the positive control (Li1 and Li2) showed congestion of hepatic blood vessels (star) and fibrosis of the portal area (curved arrow) beside hyperplastic changes (arrowhead) of the bile duct. Spleen sections (Sp1 and Sp2) from the same sample manifested lymphoid depletion, represented by necrotic lymphocytes (open arrow). Heart sections (He1 and He2) from the same positive control group exhibited necrotic cardiomyocytes and replaced by chronic inflammatory cells (curved arrow). The intestine sections of the positive control (In1 and In2) showed necrotic mucosa replaced by inflammatory cells (star) beside necrotic epithelial lining intestinal glands (open arrow)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt

    Mahmoud Sitohy & Ali Osman

  2. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt

    Seham El-Deeb

  3. Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt

    Gamelat K. Farag

  4. Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt

    Hala M. N. Tolba

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  1. Mahmoud Sitohy
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Correspondence to Mahmoud Sitohy.

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The design and procedures of the biological experiment got the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Zagazig University (ZU-IACUC) under the reference number (ZU-IACUC/2/F/8/2018) and complied precisely to the ethical standards.

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Sitohy, M., Osman, A., El-Deeb, S. et al. H5N1 Avian Flu Infection in Hubbard Broiler Chicken Can Be Prevented or Cured by Methylated Soy Protein During 42 Days Rearing. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 14, 449–463 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021-09807-2

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