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A review of the factors affecting the performance of anaerobic membrane bioreactor and strategies to control membrane fouling

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Abstract

The performance of the different configurations of AnMBRs is affected by operating parameters including solid retention time (SRT), hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR), sludge recycle rate, temperature and wastewater characteristics. Generally, the optimum operating condition is characterized by a longer SRT and HRT, higher OLR at a mesophilic temperature range. These parameters also affect the propensity of membrane fouling which is considered as the major challenge limiting its sustainable use. Hence, these parameters need to be understood and optimized. The common fouling control strategies include sub-critical flux operation, membrane relaxation, backwashing, biogas sparging, sludge recycle and use of coagulants and turbulence promoters are inadequate in fully controlling the fouling process. Hence, new and emerging technologies like enzymatic or bacterial degradation through quorum quenching technology are being explored. Moreover, integration of rotary disks/membrane, attached growth system, dynamic membrane, electrochemical membrane and baffled reactor configurations are introduced as modifications to the conventional AnMBR. Review of these strategies reveal that these novel configurations of AnMBR and the use of quorum quenching technology offer a potential sustainable approach to fouling control, and hence should be explored further.

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Abbreviations

ABR:

Anaerobic baffled reactor

ABMBR:

Anaerobic baffled membrane bioreactor

AeMBR:

Aerobic membrane bioreactor

AnMBR:

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor

AnDMBR:

Anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor

AnEMBR:

Anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor

BOD5 :

Biological oxygen demand

CFV:

Cross flow velocity

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

CNT:

Carbon nanontube

CSTR:

Completely stirred tank reactor

EGSB:

Expanded granular sludge blanket

EPS:

Extracellular polymeric substances

FBR:

Fluidized bed reactor

FSM:

Flat sheet membrane

GAC:

Granular activated carbon

HFM:

Hollow fiber membrane

HRT:

Hydraulic retention time

LMH:

Flux (L/h/m2)

LPM:

Liter per minute

MLSS:

Mixed liquor suspended solids

MLVSS:

Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids

OLR:

Organic loading rate

PAC:

Powdered activated carbon

PVDF:

Polyvinylidenefluoride

RE:

Removal efficiency

SAnMBR:

Submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor

SBR:

Sequencing batch reactor

SMP:

Soluble microbial product

SRT:

Solid retention time

TMP:

Transmembrane pressure

UASB:

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket

VFA:

Volatile fatty acids

VSS:

Volatile suspended solids

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De Vela , R. A review of the factors affecting the performance of anaerobic membrane bioreactor and strategies to control membrane fouling. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 20, 607–644 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-021-09580-2

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