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Different drought-adaptive capacity of a native Patagonian tree species (Nothofagus pumilio) resulting from local adaptation

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Abstract

The resistance of different genotypes to abiotic stress may be due to genetic effects and/or to phenotypic plasticity allowing them to acclimate to variable conditions. The contribution of one or the other mechanism determines different strategies with implications for the species conservation and adaptive management. In this study, the ecophysiological response to drought of Nothofagus pumilio provenance sites (humid, mesic and xeric) from contrasting precipitation regimes was evaluated in a common garden trial. Seedlings were submitted to progressive drought by withdrawing irrigation (control vs water deficit). Assuming a genetic base determined by selection pressures, populations from more xeric sites are expected to show higher resistance to drought, e. g., higher resistance to xylem cavitation and safety margin, stronger stomatal control and osmotic adjustment. Vulnerability to cavitation curves were performed, and the percentage loss of conductivity (P12, P50, P88 and slope) was obtained. The water potential at turgor loss point (TLP) and the osmotic potential at full turgor (π100) were calculated from pressure–volume curves. The humid site showed a significantly higher P50 value than the mesic and the xeric sites. Pre-dawn water potential differed between the provenances from xeric and mesic conditions under severe water deficit. Natural selection was inferred from the comparison of differentiation at neutral markers and phenotypic traits (FST vs. PST), with signals of adaptive variation (PST > FST) for stomatal density, specific leaf area, TLP, π100 and stomatal conductance. Results suggest a differential adaptive capacity to drought of N. pumilio provenance sites that could be evidencing local adaptation to their home environment.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Teresa Schinelli Casares and Mario Huentú for technical assistance in the nursery, Anne-Sophie Sergent and Alejandro Martinez Meier for helping with hydraulic measurements and analysis, Verónica Arana for SLA calculations, Alejandro Aparicio for helpful advice in statistical interpretations, M. Victoria Lantschner for map drawing and María Elena Fernández for suggestions in a preliminary version of the text.

Funding

This work was funded by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT-FONCyT), Argentina [grant numbers PICT 2013-0603 and 2015-0193]. MGM has a fellowship from CONICET.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal, Bariloche, Argentina

    Carolina Soliani, Ma. Gabriela Mattera, Paula Marchelli & Ma. Marta Azpilicueta

  2. Grupo de Ecología Forestal–LEEMA, Bariloche, Argentina

    Guillermina Dalla-Salda

  3. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB) INTA EEA Bariloche–CONICET, Modesta Victoria 4450, CP8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina

    Carolina Soliani, Ma. Gabriela Mattera, Paula Marchelli, Ma. Marta Azpilicueta & Guillermina Dalla-Salda

Authors
  1. Carolina Soliani
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  2. Ma. Gabriela Mattera
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  3. Paula Marchelli
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  4. Ma. Marta Azpilicueta
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  5. Guillermina Dalla-Salda
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Contributions

CS contributed to conceptualization, investigation, funding acquisition, writing—reviewing and editing; MGM contributed to investigation, formal analysis, writing—reviewing and editing. PM contributed to investigation, formal analysis, writing—reviewing and editing. MMA contributed to conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, writing—reviewing and editing; GDS contributed to conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, writing—reviewing and editing, supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guillermina Dalla-Salda.

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Communicated by Judy Simon.

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Soliani, C., Mattera, M.G., Marchelli, P. et al. Different drought-adaptive capacity of a native Patagonian tree species (Nothofagus pumilio) resulting from local adaptation. Eur J Forest Res 140, 1147–1161 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01389-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01389-6

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