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Investigation of the Protective Plasma-Facing Graphite In-Vessel Components of T-15MD Tokamak by Steady-State Plasma Loads in the PLM Device and by Powerful Electron Beams

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Abstract

Studies of samples of graphite heat-shielding facing of the T-15MD tokamak chamber with stationary plasma loads in the PLM plasma device and high-power electron beams simulating loads during ELMs and transient processes were carried out. When the graphite facing samples were tested with plasma loads up to 2 MW/m2, their surface temperature reached more than 1200°C, the surface heating did not lead to cracking, a change in the relief, or significant erosion of the graphite surface. The plasma action led to the growth of a layer of highly porous carbon structures on the surface in the zone of contact with the plasma column. Irradiation of graphite with electron beams with a load of less than 12 MW/m2 did not lead to changes in the surface structure; at a load exceeding 24 MW/m2, the processes of erosion and cracking of the surface along the grain boundaries began. At thermal cyclic loads exceeding 380 MW/m2, effects of significant erosion were observed with a rate of material removal from the graphite surface up to 175 μm/s. The conducted experimental studies and tests are considered as the basis for using the investigated type of graphite as the facing of heat-shielding components of the divertor and the first wall for operation in the T-15MD tokamak.

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Funding

This work was performed under contract no. 09-03/223/74 between the National Research Center “Kur-chatov Institute” and the National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” in the framework of contract with the Rosatom State Atomiс Energy Corporation ROSATOM no. 1/17519-D/230/4-19. The PLM experiments were supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 17-19-01469. The electron beam testing was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant No. 19-29-02020. The manufacture of automated s-ystems of scientific research (ASSR) on the PLM was s-upported by the Russian Federation Megagrant no. 14.Z50.31.0042. The analysis of materials was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, project no. FSWF-2020-0023.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”, 111250, Moscow, Russia

    S. D. Fedorovich, A. V. Karpov, V. P. Budaev, M. K. Gubkin, A. P. Sliva, A. Yu. Marchenkov, M. V. Lukashevsky, Z. A. Zakletskii, G.B. Vasilyev, K. A. Rogozin & V. Tran Quang

  2. National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Karpov, V. P. Budaev, S. A. Grashin, Yu. V. Martynenko & K. A. Rogozin

Authors
  1. S. D. Fedorovich
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  2. A. V. Karpov
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  3. V. P. Budaev
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  4. S. A. Grashin
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  5. M. K. Gubkin
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  6. A. P. Sliva
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  7. Yu. V. Martynenko
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  8. A. Yu. Marchenkov
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  9. M. V. Lukashevsky
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  10. Z. A. Zakletskii
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  11. G.B. Vasilyev
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  12. K. A. Rogozin
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  13. V. Tran Quang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. P. Budaev.

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Translated by V. Selikhanovich

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Fedorovich, S.D., Karpov, A.V., Budaev, V.P. et al. Investigation of the Protective Plasma-Facing Graphite In-Vessel Components of T-15MD Tokamak by Steady-State Plasma Loads in the PLM Device and by Powerful Electron Beams. Plasma Phys. Rep. 47, 345–354 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X21030065

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