Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic joint disorder, of which, excessive angiogenesis is the well-established factor contributing to synovitis and joint destruction. Ardisia crispa (Primulaceae) is a medicinal herb with evidenced anti-angiogenic properties, attributed to 2-methoxy-6-undecyl-1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) found in its roots. However, it is still unclear how BQ is able to inhibit angiogenesis in RA. Hence, we investigated the anti-arthritic potential of quinone-rich fraction (QRF) separated from Ardisia crispa roots hexane extract (ACRH) by targeting angiogenesis on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. The QRF was priorly identified by quantifying the BQ content in the fraction using GC–MS. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 6) were initially immunised with type II collagen (150 µg) subcutaneously at the base of the tail on day 0. QRF (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg/day) and celecoxib (5 mg/kg/day) were orally administered for 13 consecutive days starting from day 14 post-induction, except for the vehicle and arthritic controls. QRF at all dosages moderately ameliorated the arthritic scores, ankle swelling, and hind paw oedema with no significant (p > 0.05) modulation on the bodyweights and organ weights (i.e., liver, kidney, and spleen). Treatment with QRF at 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated VEGF-A, PI3K, AKT, NF-κB, p38, STAT3, and STAT5 proteins and markedly restored the increased synovial microvessel densities (MVD) to the normal level in arthritic rats in a dose-independent manner. In conclusion, QRF conferred the anti-arthritic effect via angiogenesis inhibition in vivo, credited to the BQ content and synergism, at least in part, by other phytoconstituents.
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The authors gratefully acknowledged the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia and Universiti Putra Malaysia for funding this research work under respective Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Grant No: (FRGS) FRGS/2/2014/SKK10/UPM/02/1) and Putra Grant (GP-IPS/2017/9576500).
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This research work was funded by Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Grant No: (FRGS) FRGS/2/2014/SKK10/UPM/02/1) and Universiti Putra Malaysia under Putra Grant (GP-IPS/2017/9576500).
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JAB performed the research and wrote the manuscript. AN contributed to the animal handling and data analysis. RMA contributed to the histopathological analysis. RAH contributed to the experimental design, data interpretation, editing and submission of the manuscript.
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Blin, J.A., Ali, R.M., Nurdin, A. et al. Quinone-rich fraction of Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC roots alters angiogenic cascade in collagen-induced arthritis. Inflammopharmacol 29, 771–788 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00816-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00816-9