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Effect of Groundwater Level on Soil Moisture, Soil Temperature and Surface Temperature

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Abstract

The dynamic behavior of groundwater level effects the soil moisture, soil temperature and surface temperature. In the study, the effect has been studied at two observation sites with varying groundwater level. Regular measurements of soil moisture and soil temperature were taken in field at 1.5, 2.2 and 3 m depth to observe the groundwater level effect on these parameters. Preliminary analysis during November 2016–April 2017 was carried to find the relationship among soil moisture, soil temperature and surface temperature with groundwater level at each observation depth. Soil moisture and groundwater level has shown strong negative correlation (R2 = 0.734, depth 1.5 m; R2 = 0.799, depth 2.2 m and R2 = 0.852, depth 3.0 m) at shallow groundwater level site and weak correlation (R2 = 0.578, depth 1.5 m; R2 = 0.501 and R2 = 0.339, depth 3.0 m) at deep groundwater level site. Soil temperature and groundwater level has also shown strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.840, depth 1.5 m, R2 = 0.862, depth 2.2 m and R2 = 0.917, depth 3.0 m) at shallow groundwater site and poor correlation (R2 = 0.573, depth 1.5 m; R2 = 0.468, depth 2.2 m and R2 = 0.428, depth 3.0 m) at deep groundwater site. Soil moisture and soil temperature were also found strongly correlated (R2 = 0.701, depth 1.5 m; R2 = 0.602, depth 2.2 m and R2 = 0.731, depth 3.0 m). Further, LANDSAT-8 data during observation period was processed to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) which in addition was correlated with soil moisture, soil temperature and groundwater level. LST was found significantly correlated with soil moisture and soil temperature at shallow groundwater site. However, a strong positive correlation, i.e., R2 = 0.874 was deducted between LST and groundwater level at shallow groundwater site and poor correlation, i.e., R2 = 0.434 at deep groundwater site. Thus, we have seen that shallow groundwater level has significant effect on these observed variables. The empirical results support our basic hypothesis and suggest further work for the better understanding and coupling of relationship among these parameters.

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The data and materials used in the study is mentioned in the study and is presented in analyzed form, further the raw data is available at author, it can be presented if required on journal request.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Director, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Bhopal, for giving permission to publish this research article. Authors are also thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which have extended the scope of the work and helped me in improving the quality of the manuscript.

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  1. Water Resources Management and Rural Technology Group, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, MP, 462026, India

    Mohammad Subzar Malik, J. P. Shukla & S. Mishra

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  1. Mohammad Subzar Malik
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Malik, M.S., Shukla, J.P. & Mishra, S. Effect of Groundwater Level on Soil Moisture, Soil Temperature and Surface Temperature. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 49, 2143–2161 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-021-01379-6

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