Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Recent Marijuana Use Among Young Adults, 2015–2018, USA

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Marijuana is the most commonly used drug across all groups. A greater understanding of risk factors associated with recent use can inform health prevention messaging and behavioral interventions. Pooled data from the 2015–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were utilized among 89,446 individuals ages 18–34. Weighted logistic regression analyses, controlling for covariates, were utilized to determine conditional associations to past-30-day use. A sizeable percentage (18.5%) of individuals reported smoking marijuana in the past 30 days. Individuals who identify as African American or multi-racial, gay/lesbian, bisexual, reported their health as poor, not covered by health insurance, reported prior drug use, or who had reported any thoughts/plans of suicide were at risk for use. Of concern, high rates of alcohol (14.7%) and cocaine (1.50%) were found among users. We believe our findings can inform harm reduction efforts and policy creation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Association.

  • Atakan, Z. (2012). Cannabis, a complex plant: Different compounds and different effects on individuals. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 2(6), 241–254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borges, G., Bagge, C. L., & Orozco, R. (2016). A literature review and meta-analyses of cannabis use and suicidality. Journal of Affective Disorders, 195, 63–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, C. J., Veliz, P. T., & McCabe, S. E. (2019). Severity of DSM-5 cannabis use disorders in a nationally representative sample of sexual minorities. Substance Abuse, 1–5.

  • Brook, J. S., Zhang, C., & Brook, D. W. (2011). Developmental trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood: Personal predictors. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 165(1), 55–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckner, J. D., Ecker, A. H., & Cohen, A. S. (2010). Mental health problems and interest in marijuana treatment among marijuana-using college students. Addictive Behaviors, 35(9), 826–833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2019). 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Resource Book (Section 2, Sample Design Report). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

  • Compton, W. M., Han, B., Jones, C. M., Blanco, C., & Hughes, A. (2016). Marijuana use and use disorders in adults in the USA, 2002–14: analysis of annual cross-sectional surveys. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(10), 954–964.

  • Delforterie, M. J., Lynskey, M. T., Huizink, A. C., Creemers, H. E., Grant, J. D., Few, L. R., et al. (2015). The relationship between cannabis involvement and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 150, 98–104.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Desai, R., Fong, H. K., Shah, K., Kaur, V. P., Savani, S., Gangani, K., Damarlapally, N., & Goyal, H. (2019). Rising trends in hospitalizations for cardiovascular events among young Cannabis users (18–39 years) without other substance abuse. Medicina, 55(8), 438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dierker, L., Selya, A., Lanza, S., Li, R., & Rose, J. (2018). Depression and marijuana use disorder symptoms among current marijuana users. Addictive Behaviors, 76, 161–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, P., Copeland, J., & Jansen, K. (2003). Patterns of use and harms associated with non-medical ketamine use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 69(1), 23–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filbey, F. M., Aslan, S., Calhoun, V. D., Spence, J. S., Damaraju, E., Caprihan, A., & Segall, J. (2014). Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(47), 16913–16918.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gary, F. A. (2005). Stigma: Barrier to mental health care among ethnic minorities. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 26(10), 979–999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldbach, J. T., Schrager, S. M., Dunlap, S. L., & Holloway, I. W. (2015). The application of minority stress theory to marijuana use among sexual minority adolescents. Substance Use & Misuse, 50(3), 366–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasin, D. S., Saha, T. D., Kerridge, B. T., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Zhang, H., ... & Grant, B. F. (2015). Prevalence of marijuana use disorders in the United States between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(12), 1235–1242.

  • Heeringa, S. G., West, B. T., & Berglund, P. A. (2017). Applied survey data analysis. Chapman and Hall/CRC

  • Kalechstein, A. D., Newton, T. F., Longshore, D., Anglin, M. D., van Gorp, W. G., & Gawin, F. H. (2000). Psychiatric comorbidity of methamphetamine dependence in a forensic sample. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 12(4), 480–484.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kan, E., Beardslee, J., Frick, P. J., Steinberg, L., & Cauffman, E. (2020). Marijuana use among justice-involved youths after California statewide legalization, 2015–2018. American Journal of Public Health, 110(9), 1386–1392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kecojevic, A., Jun, H. J., Reisner, S. L., & Corliss, H. L. (2017). Concurrent polysubstance use in a longitudinal study of US youth: Associations with sexual orientation. Addiction, 112(4), 614–624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, B. C., Wells, B. E., Pawson, M., LeClair, A., & Parsons, J. T. (2014). Combinations of prescription drug misuse and illicit drugs among young adults. Addictive Behaviors, 39(5), 941–944.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, K. A., Vidourek, R. A., & Yockey, R. A. (2019). Does the association of school experiences and marijuana use differ based on age of African American high school students? Journal of Substance Use, 24(5), 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leri, F., Bruneau, J., & Stewart, J. (2003). Understanding polydrug use: Review of heroin and cocaine co-use. Addiction, 98(1), 7–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynskey, M. T., Agrawal, A., Bucholz, K. K., Nelson, E. C., Madden, P. A., Todorov, A. A., et al. (2006). Subtypes of illicit drug users: A latent class analysis of data from an Australian twin sample. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 9(4), 523–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mantey, D. S., Yockey, R. A., & Barroso, C. S. (2021). Role of sex on the relationship between sexual minority status and past 30-day marijuana use among high school students (YRBS, 2015–2019). Addictive Behaviors, 106905

  • McHugh, R. K., Votaw, V. R., Sugarman, D. E., & Greenfield, S. F. (2018). Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 66, 12–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 38–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674–697.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monte, A. A., Shelton, S. K., Mills, E., Saben, J., Hopkinson, A., Sonn, B., et al. (2019). Acute illness associated with cannabis use, by route of exposure: An observational study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 170, 531. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-2809.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • National Conference of State Legislatures. (2021a). State Medical Marijuana Laws. Retrieved from https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx#2

  • National Conference of State Legislatures. (2021b). Marijuana Deep Dive | State Policy Updates. Retrieved from https://www.ncsl.org/bookstore/state-legislatures-magazine/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx

  • Pacek, L. R., Mauro, P. M., & Martins, S. S. (2015). Perceived risk of regular cannabis use in the United States from 2002 to 2012: Differences by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 149, 232–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quek, L. H., Chan, G., White, A., Connor, J. P., Baker, P., Saunders, J., & Kelly, A. B. (2012). Multiple drug use in adolescents and young adults. Drug and Alcohol Review, 31(Suppl. 1), 58–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, R. W., & Prentice-Dunn, S. (1997). Protection motivation theory. In D. S. Gochman (Ed.), Handbook of health behavior research 1: Personal and social determinants (pp. 113–132). Plenum Press.

  • Rudy, A. K., Barnes, A. J., Cobb, C. O., & Nicksic, N. E. (2020). Attitudes about and correlates of cannabis legalization policy among US young adults. Journal of American College Health, 1–8

  • Schauer, G. L., Berg, C. J., & Bryant, L. O. (2013). Sex differences in psychosocial correlates of concurrent substance use among heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual college students. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 39(4), 252–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shih, R. A., Rodriguez, A., Parast, L., Pedersen, E. R., Tucker, J. S., Troxel, W. M., Kraus, L., Davis, J. P., & D'Amico, E. J. (2019). Associations between young adult marijuana outcomes and availability of medical marijuana dispensaries and storefront signage. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 114(12), 2162–2170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • StataCorp. 2017. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC.

  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2019). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP19–5068, NSDUH Series H-54). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved February 13, 2020, from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

  • US Department of Health and Human Services. (2021) “Healthy People 2030”. Retrieved from https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/drug-and-alcohol-use/reduce-proportion-adults-who-use-marijuana-daily-or-almost-daily-su-08/data. Accessed April 18, 2020

  • Vidourek, R. A., King, K. A., & Montgomery, L. (2017). Psychosocial determinants of marijuana use among African American youth. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 16(1), 43–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weller, E. (2017). Daily marijuana use increasing among young adults. American Journal of Public Health, 47(9), e44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wen, H., Hockenberry, J. M., & Cummings, J. R. (2015). The effect of medical marijuana laws on adolescent and adult use of marijuana, alcohol, and other substances. Journal of Health Economics, 42, 64–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rebecca A. Vidourek.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vidourek, R.A., Yockey, R.A., King, K.A. et al. Recent Marijuana Use Among Young Adults, 2015–2018, USA. Int J Ment Health Addiction 20, 3075–3085 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00566-3

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00566-3

Keywords

Navigation