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Effect of thermo-alkali treatment on the morphological and electrochemical properties of biopolymer electrolytes based on corn starch–Al(OH)3

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Abstract

A proton-conducting biopolymer electrolyte system based on corn starch doped with 0.0 to 4.0 wt% of Al(OH)3 has been prepared through the solution casting method. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal micrographs showed a partial alteration of starch granule boundary and aluminum agglomerates formation as a function of the Al(OH)3 concentration. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra showed a decrease in the relative crystallinity and in the absorbance ratio 1047/1022, associated with the disruption of double-helix structures and the region of starch granule disorder, in concordance with the C1 and C4 deconvoluted curves obtained by CP/MAS 13C-NMR. Furthermore, corn starch films (CSF) mostly showed AlO5 (pentahedral) and AlO6 (octahedral) species as a function of the Al(OH)3 concentration, associated with a suitable Al3+ distribution through the CSF arrangement obtained by CP/MAS 27Al-NMR. Particularly, CSF with 2.0 wt% of Al(OH)3 showed 27.5 F g−1 of specific capacitance and 7.5 mS cm−1 of electrical conductivity values, using voltammetry cyclic and the van der Pauw four-point test, respectively. The electrochemical behaviour of CSF was occasioned by saturation limit of chemical bonds between the functional groups into the starch molecule and the Al3+ ions was achieved, this disarrange and/or bankrupt the sequence of CSF microstructure, caused by the coexistence of free Al3+ ions and aluminum agglomerates. All these results implied that the present proton-conducting biopolymer electrolyte system based on corn starch–Al(OH)3 has the potential to be applied in electrochemical devices.

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Acknowledgements

G. Chavez-Esquivel expresses his gratitude to UNAM for the postdoctoral DGAPA scholarship in the development of this work.

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  1. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Colonia Reynosa Tamaulipas, 02200, Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    G. Chavez-Esquivel & H. Cervantes-Cuevas

  2. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    G. Chavez-Esquivel & Dwight Acosta

  3. Departamento de Biofísica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, 11340, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    J. C. García-Martínez

  4. Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Colonia Leyes de Reforma 1ra Sección, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    M. A. Vera-Ramírez

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Chavez-Esquivel, G., García-Martínez, J.C., Cervantes-Cuevas, H. et al. Effect of thermo-alkali treatment on the morphological and electrochemical properties of biopolymer electrolytes based on corn starch–Al(OH)3. Polym. Bull. 79, 5139–5164 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03752-4

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