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The Problem with ‘Digital Realism’ in Underwater Archaeology: Photogrammetric Digital 3D Visualization and Interpretation

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Abstract

This paper investigates the recently increased application of photogrammetric digital 3D modelling to underwater archaeology by reviewing its application and development on seminal underwater archaeological projects as a key recording tool. It is argued that underwater archaeologists are currently in a phase of ‘digital realism’ that has the potential to inhibit our ability to truly understand and use image-based digital 3D models to communicate effectively. Relevant theories relating to photography, visualization, and interpretation are investigated, highlighting the influence that vision has on data collection and knowledge creation. A series of recommendations are made for underwater archaeologists to spark discussion and move beyond this current phase of digital realism.

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Acknowledgements

The research presented here was conducted as part of a PhD study at the University of Western Australia and is associated with the Australian Research Council Linkage-Project, ‘Shipwrecks of the Roaring Forties: a maritime archaeological reassessment of some of Australia’s earliest shipwrecks’. Particular thanks go to my supervisors Alistair Paterson, Jeremy Green, Andrew Woods, and Paul Bourke. Special thanks also to Danielle Wilkinson for early editing and comments. Lastly, thank you to Madeline Fowler for her indispensable final stage reviewing and comments.

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  1. Queensland Museum Network, Cultures and Histories, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Maddy McAllister

  2. College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Maddy McAllister

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Correspondence to Maddy McAllister.

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McAllister, M. The Problem with ‘Digital Realism’ in Underwater Archaeology: Photogrammetric Digital 3D Visualization and Interpretation. J Mari Arch 16, 253–275 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11457-021-09305-0

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