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Recent progress on Al distribution over zeolite frameworks: Linking theories and experiments

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Abstract

The location and distribution of aluminum in zeolites is considered important in determining various properties, such as acidity and reactivity. Controlling the placement of aluminum substitution has therefore been of significant interest, and a number of studies have been conducted, including synthesis methods using either different organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) or cationic species, and the application of dealumination as post-processing. In addition to experimental developments, computational methods have emerged as a useful tool for analyzing the effects of different types of aluminum siting on catalytic properties, especially by incorporating statistical methods. A review of recent developments and findings related to aluminum siting and its effects is presented in this work. Analysis of the thermodynamic distribution of aluminum, as well as synthetically altered distribution in different zeolite frameworks, has been discussed. Computational studies have revealed that catalytic properties are sensitive to adsorbate-dependent properties such as the size of rings and voids for the residence of aluminum, the relative distribution of acid sites, and the adsorption properties of molecules in different framework motifs. Along with the atomic scale evaluation of synthetic treatments in positioning the aluminum, cases of instrumental analysis methods and their verification with simulations is discussed, demonstrating how theories have complemented and, sometimes modified, experimental perspectives. Lastly, recent progress in incorporating machine learning techiques, its application to zeolites, and directions for future work are introduced.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the C1 Gas Refinery Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (No. NRF-2018M3D3A1A01055765).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea

    Seung Jae Kwak, Hyo Seok Kim, Namjun Park & Won Bo Lee

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea

    Myung-June Park

  3. Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea

    Myung-June Park

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  1. Seung Jae Kwak
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  2. Hyo Seok Kim
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  3. Namjun Park
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  4. Myung-June Park
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Correspondence to Myung-June Park or Won Bo Lee.

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Kwak, S.J., Kim, H.S., Park, N. et al. Recent progress on Al distribution over zeolite frameworks: Linking theories and experiments. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 1117–1128 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0796-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0796-2

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