Abstract
A thermodynamic assessment of the Fe-Mn-Ti system was carried out in the present work. The C14 Laves phase in the Mn-Ti system was revised for self-consistency of the thermodynamic description of the multicomponent system. Special attention was paid to the α-Mn and β-Mn phases. Their wide homogeneity ranges in the ternary Fe-Mn-Ti system were reproduced satisfactorily by using the present thermodynamic evaluation. Comparison between the predicted and measured phase equilibria validates the present optimized model parameters.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Speer, D.K. Matlock, B.C. De Cooman, and J.G. Schroth, Carbon Partitioning into Austenite after Martensite Transformation, Acta Mater., 2003, 51, p 2611–2622
D.S. Connolly, C.P. Kohar, W. Muhammad, L.G. Hector, R.K. Mishra, and K. Inal, A Coupled Thermomechanical Crystal Plasticity Model applied to Quenched and Partitioned Steel, Int. J. Plast, 2020, 133, p 102757
B.B. He, S. Pan, and M.X. Huang, Extra Work Hardening in Room-Temperature Quenching and Partitioning Medium Mn Steel Enabled by Intercritical Annealing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2020, 797, p 140106
F. Peng, Y. Xu, X. Gu, Y. Wang, X. Liu, and J. Li, The Relationships of Microstructure-Mechanical Properties in Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) Steel Accompanied with Microalloyed Carbide Precipitation, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2018, 723, p 247–258
S. Yan, X. Liu, W.J. Liu, H. Lan, and H. Wu, Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Steel Treated by a Two-Step Quenching and Partitioning Process, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2015, 640, p 137–146
Y. Murakami, Y. Yukawa, and T. Enjyo, Investigation of the Ti Rich Ti-Fe-Mn Alloy System (2nd Report), Liq. Surf. Ti-Fe-Mn Syst. Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi, 1958, 22, p 265–269
Y. Murakami, T. Enjyo, Investigation of the Ti-Rich Ti-Fe-Mn Alloy System (3rd Report). On the Solid Equilibrium Relation in Ti-Fe-Mn System, Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi. 22 (1958) 328–332.
P.C. Panigraphy, and K.P. Gupta, Some Observations on Alpha-Mn, Beta-Mn and R Phases in the Mn-Ti-Fe and Mn-Ti-Co Systems, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME., 1969, 245, p 1533–1536
D. Dew-Hughes, and L. Kaufman, Ternary Phase Diagrams of the Manganese-Titanium-Iron and the Aluminum-Titanium-Iron Systems: A Comparison of Computer Calculations with Experiment, Calphad, 1979, 3, p 175–203
V. Ivanchenko, V. Dekhtyarenko, T. Kosorukova, and T. Pryadko, Phase Equilibria in the TiMn2–TiFe2 Polythermal Section, Chem. Met. Alloys., 2008, 1, p 137–139
A. Walnsch, M.J. Kriegel, O. Fabrichnaya, and A. Leineweber, Experimental Investigations of the Fe-Mn-Ti System in the Concentration Range of up to 30 at.% Ti, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus., 2020, 41, p 457–467
W. Huang, An Assessment of the Fe-Mn System, Calphad, 1989, 13, p 243–252
S. Cotes, M. Sade, and A.F. Guillermet, Fcc/Hcp Martensitic Transformation in the Fe-Mn SYSTEM: Experimental study and Thermodynamic Analysis of Phase Stability, Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 1995, 26, p 1957–1969
D. Djurovic, B. Hallstedt, J. von Appen, and R. Dronskowski, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe–Mn–C System, Calphad, 2011, 35, p 479–491
K.C. Hari Kumar, L.F. Dumitrescu, B. Sundman, P. Wollants, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Ti System with Special Emphasis on the Modelling of the FeTi (B2) Phase, CALPHAD XXVIII, 1999.
J. De Keyzer, G. Cacciamani, N. Dupin, and P. Wollants, Thermodynamic Modeling and Optimization of the Fe–Ni–Ti System, Calphad, 2009, 33, p 109–123
H. Bo, J. Wang, L. Duarte, C. Leinenbach, L. Liu, H. Liu, and Z. Jin, Thermodynamic Re-assessment of Fe–Ti Binary System, Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 2012, 22, p 2204–2211
F. Wang, X.-G. Lu, T. Pan, and H. Su, Thermodynamic Optimization of the Fe-Ti-C Ternary System, Shanghai Metals., 2018, 40, p 83–88
N. Saunders, COST 507 (Concerted Action on Materials Sciences)-Definition of thermochemical and thermophysical properties to provide a database for the development of new light alloys, chapter system Mn-Ti, ed. I. Ansara, A.T. Dinsdale and M.H. Rand, European Commission, Directorate-General XII, Science, Research and Development, L-2920 Luxembourg, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 241-244.
L.Y. Chen, C.H. Li, K. Wang, H.Q. Dong, X.G. Lu, and W.Z. Ding, Thermodynamic Modeling of Ti–Cr–Mn Ternary System, Calphad, 2009, 33, p 658–663
A.U. Khan, P. Brož, M. Premović, J. Pavlů, J. Vřeštál, X. Yan, D. Maccio, A. Saccone, G. Giester, and P. Rogl, The Ti–Mn System Revisited: Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Modelling, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, p 23326–23339
M. Hillert, The Compound Energy Formalism, J. Alloy. Compd., 2001, 320, p 161–176
J.-O. Andersson, T. Helander, L. Höglund, P. Shi, and B. Sundman, Thermo-Calc & DICTRA, Computational Tools for Materials Science, Calphad, 2002, 26, p 273–312
A.T. Dinsdale, SGTE Data for Pure Elements, Calphad, 1991, 15, p 317–425
O. Redlich, and A.T. Kister, Algebraic Representation of Thermodynamic PROPERTIES and the Classification of Solutions, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1948, 40, p 345–348
M. Hillert, Empirical Methods of Predicting and Representing Thermodynamic Properties of Ternary Solution Phases, Calphad, 1980, 4, p 1–12
K.K. Srivastava, and J.S. Kirkaldy, The Alpha-Gamma Phase Boundary and the T0 Line for Fe-Mn Alloys, Metall. Trans. A, 1982, 13, p 2113–2119
B. Predel, and W. Gust, Ausscheidungsreaktionen im System Eisen-Mangan, Archiv Für Das Eisenhüttenwesen., 1972, 43, p 721–726
M. Hillert, T. Wada, and H. Wada, The α→γ Equilibrium in Fe-Mn, Fe-Mo, Fe-Ni, Fe-Sb, Fe-Sn and Fe-W Systems, Iron Steel Inst. J., 1967, 205, p 539–546
W. Hume-Rothery, and R.A. Buckley, J. Iron Steel Inst., 1964, 202, p 534
A. Hellawell, and W. Hume-Rothery, The Constitution of Alloys of Iron and Manganese with Transition Elements of the First Long Period, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Math. Phys. Sci., 1957, 249, p 417–459
A.R. Troiano, and F.T. McGuire, A Study of the Iron-Rich Iron-Manganese Alloys, Trans. ASM., 1943, 31, p 340–364
J.K. Kivilahti, and O.B. Tarasova, The Determination of the Ti-rich liquidus and Solidus of the Ti−Fe System, Metall. Trans. A, 1987, 18, p 1679–1680
D. Dew-Hughes, The Addition of Mn and Al to the Hydriding Compound FeTi: Range of Homogeneity and Lattice Parameters, Metall. Trans. A, 1980, 11, p 1219–1225
M. Ko, and T. Nishizawa, Effect of Magnetic Transition on the Solubility of Alloying Elements in Alpha Iron, J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1979, 43, p 118–126
P.H. Booker, Ternary Phase Equilibria in the Systems Ti−Fe−C, Ti−Co−C and Ti−Ni−C, Beaverton, OR: Oregon Graduate Center, (1979).
Y. Murakami, H. Kimura, and Y. Nishimura, An Investigation on the Titanium-Iron-Carbon System, Trans Nat Res Inst Met., 1959, 1, p 7–21
R.J. Thyne, H.D. Kessler, and M. Hansen, The Systems Titanium-Chromium and Titanium-Iron, Trans. ASM., 1952, 44, p 974–989
A.D. McQuillan, The Application of Hydrogen Equilibrium Pressure Measurements to the Investigation of Titanium Alloy Systems, J. Inst. Metals., 1951, 79, p 73–88
V.G. Ivanchenko, I.S. Gavrilenko, V.V. Pogorila, V.I. Nichiporenko, and T.V. Pryadko, Investigation of Phase Equilibria in Alloys of the Ti–Mn System, Metalozn. Obrob. Met., 2004, 4, p 16–21
J. Liang, and G. Rao, Partial Phase Diagram of Ti-Mn Binary System and its Relation with Characteristics of Hydrogen Storage, Sci. Bull., 1987, 20, p 1861–1863
Y. Murakami, T. Enjyo, Investigation of the Titanium-Rich Titanium–Iron–Manganese System. I. The TiMn2–Mn Region of the Binary Ti–Mn System, Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi. 22 (1958) 261–265.
D.J. Maykuth, H.R. Ogden, and R.I. Jaffee, Titanium-Manganese System, J. Metals, 1953, 197, p 225–230
A.D. McQuillan, The Effect of the Elements of the First Long Period on the α↔β Transformation in Titanium, J. Inst. Met., 1951, 80, p 363–368
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from High-tech and Industrialization Projects (Grant No. 2016CY-G-13 and 2017CY-G-3) for Panzhihua Government of Sichuan Province, China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, G., Zheng, W., Zhao, Z. et al. Thermodynamic Modeling of the Fe-Mn-Ti System. J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 42, 363–372 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-021-00889-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-021-00889-7