Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Exploration of glaucous variation in a collection of wild diploid wheat Triticum urartu Thumanjan ex Gandilyan

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Glaucousness is the visible opaque-white or bluish-green wax which appears in plant cuticles. Although W1 and Iw1 loci on chromosome 2B mainly play a role to determine glaucousness/non-glaucousness trait in polyploid wheat, in the chromosome 2A of polyploid wheat, the non-glaucous inhibitor locus has not been reported. We explored the glaucous phenotypes for leaf, spike and stem in 274 accessions of Triticum urartu Thumanjan ex Gandilyan (2n = 2x = 14, genome AuAu), the A genome progenitor of polyploid wheat. The 272 accessions of T. urartu were non-glaucous for leaf, spike and stem. It was thought that non-glaucousness of T. urartu played an important role for plant adaptation throughout the Fertile Crescent. However, PI 662236 was glaucous in leaves, leaf sheaths and spikes, whereas PI 662271 was glaucous on the leaves and leaf sheaths, but non-glaucous in the spikes. Prior to heading PI 662236 and PI 662271 mimicked T. urartu by showing glaucous leaves and leaf sheaths. The plant form and somatic chromosome number indicated that PI 662236 and PI 662271 were tetraploid Triticum dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Schweinf. (2n = 4x = 28, BBAuAu genome). The occurrence of T. dicoccoides in the collections of T. urartu demonstrated that even famous botanists can make mistakes in identifying grasses. However, these mistakes lead to finding two rare types of T. dicoccoides with occurrence of glaucousness. The majority of T. dicoccoides that are non-glaucous. The genotype of PI 662236 was assigned as iw1iw1iw3iw3 for glaucousness and that of PI 662271 was iw1iw1Iw3Iw3 for the inhibitors for non-glaucous spikes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed in this study included in published article and additional files. All of our raw data are available as Supporting Information: Supplementary Tables 1S and 2S.

References

  • Barber NN, Netting AG (1968) Chemical genetics of β-diketone formation in wheat. Phytochem 7:2089–2093

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi G, Figini ML (1986) Epicuticular waxes of glaucous and nonglaucous durum wheat lines. J Agric Food Chem 34:429–433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunazzi A, Scaglione D, Talini RF, Miculan M, Magni F, Poland J, Pè ME, Brandlini A, Dell’Acqua M (2018) Molecular diversity and landscape genomics of the crop wild relative Triticum urartu across the Fertile Crescent. Plant J 94:670–684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubcovsky J, Echaide E, Giancola S, Rousset M, Luo MC, Joppa LR, Dvorak J (1997) Seed-storage-protein loci in RFLP maps of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat. Theor Appl Genet 95:1169–1180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dudnikov AJ (2011) Waxiness in Aegilops tauschii: Its occurrence in natural habitats of the species. Cereal Res Commun 39:283–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dvorak J, Diterlizzi P, Zhang HB, Resta P (1993) The evolution of polyploid wheats –identification of the A-genome donor species. Genome 36:21–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gandilyan PA (1972) On the wild-growing Triticum species of the Armenian SSR. Bot Zhur 57:173–181 ((in Russian))

    Google Scholar 

  • Gandilyan PA (1998) Triticum urartu Thum. ex Gandilyan, and its role in the evolution of the genus Triticum L. In: Jaradat AA (ed) Triticeae III (ISBN 1-57808-037-1). Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, pp 67–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill BS, Waines JG (1978) Paternal regulation of seed development wheat hybrids. Theor Appl Genet 51:265–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer K, Filatenko AA, Pistrick K (2011) Taxonomic remarks on Triticum L. and xTriticosecale Wittm. Genet Res Crop Evol 58:3–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heun M, Haldorsen S, Vollan K (2008) Reassessing domestication events in the Near East: Einkorn and Triticum urartu. Genome 51:444–451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang D, Feurtado JA, Smith MA, Flatman LK, Koh C, Cutler AJ (2017) Long noncoding miRNA gene represses wheat β-diketone waxes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:E3149–E3158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson BL (1975) Identification of the apparent B-genome donor of wheat. Can J Genet Cytol 17:21–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson BL, Dhaliwal HS (1978) Triticum urartu and genome evolution in the tetraploid wheats. Amer J Bot 65:907–918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kihara H, Yamashita K, Tanaka M (1965) Morphological, physiological and Cytological studies in Aegilops and Triticum collected from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. In: Yamashita K (ed), Cultivated Plants and Their Relatives (Results of the Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakorum and Hindukush, 1955), vol 1, pp 1–140. The committee of the Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakoram and Hindukush, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

  • Kimber G, Feldman M (1987) Wild wheat an introduction. Special Report 353, pp 1–142. College of Agriculture, Universty of Missouri, Columbia USA

  • Nishijima R, Iehisa JCM, Matsuoka Y, Takumi S (2014) The cuticular wax inhibitor locus Iw2 in wild diploid wheat Aegilops tauschii: phenotypic survey, genetic analysis, and implications for the evolution of common wheat. BMC Plant Biol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-014-0246-y

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rowland GG, Kerber ER (1974) Telocentric mapping in hexaploid wheat of genes for leaf rust resistance and other characters derived from Aegilops squarrosa. Can J Genet Cytol 16:137–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds JR, Fish LJ, Leverington-Waite MA, Wang Y, Howell P, Snape JW (2008) Mapping of a gene (Vir) for a non-glaucous, viridescent phenotype in bread wheat derived from Triticum dicoccoides, and its association with yield variation. Euphytica 159:333–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsunewaki K (1962) Monosomic analysis of synthesized hexaploid wheat. Jpn J Genet 37:155–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsunewaki K (1966) Comparative gene analysis of common wheat and its ancestral species. 2. Waxiness, growth habit and awnedness. Jap J Bot 19:175–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsunewaki K, Ebana K (1999) Production of near-isogenic lines of common wheat for glaucousness and genetic basis of this trait clarified by their use. Genes Genet Syst 74:33–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slageren MW van (1994) Wild wheats: a monograph of Aegilops L. and Amblyopyrum (Jaub. & Spach) Eig (Poeceae), pp. 1–512. Agricultural University, Wageningen, the Netherlands and ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria

  • Waines JG, Barnhart D (1992) Biosystematic research in Aegilops and Triticum. Hereditas 116:207–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe N (2021) Development of near-isogenic lines of durum wheat for glaucousness inhibitor loci Iw1, Iw3 and Iw4 derived from wild relatives. Genet Res Crop Evol 00: 000–000 (submitted to)

  • Watanabe N, Sugiyama K, Yamagishi Y, Sakata Y (2002) Comparative telosomic mapping of homoeologous genes for brittle rachis in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. Hereditas 137:180–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe N, Takesada N, Shibata Y, Ban T (2005) Genetic mapping of the genes for glaucous leaf and tough rachis in Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome progenitor of wheat. Euphytica 144:119–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshiya K, Watanabe N, Kuboyama T (2011) Genetic mapping of the genes for non-glaucous phenotypes in tetraploid wheat. Euphytica 177:293–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the National Small Grain Collection (NGSC), Aberdeen, Idaho, USA, the Gene Bank of Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic, the Gene Bank of Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany, Dr. R. Simeone, Department of Agro-Forestry and Environmental Biology and Chemistry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy and Dr. L. R. Joppa, USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, USA for providing us the seed samples used in the present study. NW thanks Dr. D. L. Klindworth, USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, USA for helpful comments on the manuscript. PM thanks for the project QK1910343 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Little Nursery, 1152 Ina, Toride, Ibaraki-PREF, 302-0026, Japan

    N. Watanabe

  2. Agrotest Fyto, Ltd, Havlíčkova 2787, 767 01, Kroměříž, Czech Republic

    P. Martinek

Authors
  1. N. Watanabe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Martinek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Watanabe.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declares that they have no competing interests.

Human and animal rights

This research does not involve human participants or animals.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 53 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Watanabe, N., Martinek, P. Exploration of glaucous variation in a collection of wild diploid wheat Triticum urartu Thumanjan ex Gandilyan. Genet Resour Crop Evol 68, 2737–2742 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01218-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01218-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation