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Tectonic control on effective elastic thickness over the Northeast Indian Seamount Province and surrounding regions

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Abstract

Effective elastic thickness (Te) is a proxy for lithospheric strength. Here, we present high-resolution Te maps over the Northeast Indian Seamount Province and surroundings using both multitaper and wavelet analyses of coherence between Bouguer gravity anomaly and topography. Both methods show fairly equivalent spatial variations of Te that are representative of the tectonic provinces. The islands, seamount provinces, Wharton Basin, and Sunda trench are characterized by low Te, indicating weak lithosphere due to lithospheric extension, and/or multiple episodes of magmatism. Moderate and high Te recovered in the Java trench, Sumatra, Billiton Island and northwest of Nicobar Fan suggest a relatively cold and strong upper mantle. Locally, Te can be correlated with geothermal proxies, such as surface heat flow and Curie-point depth, but temperature only plays a late-stage role in controlling the lithospheric strength within an isothermal range of 150–600 °C. Tectonic factors such as multiple episodes of magmatism, lithospheric extension, uplift, and relaxed tectonic stress of the lithosphere have dynamically affected the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere in the region. The Sumatra forearc shows crustal thickening due to diffused deformation at all crustal levels that promotes fracturing and upward migration of fluids, whereas the Java forearc shows relatively strong lithosphere and shallow fore-arc mantle.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Editor, Wu-Cheng Chi, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that helped to significantly improve the quality of this manuscript. We are very grateful to Dr. Jonathan F Kirby for providing the wavelet coherence analysis codes that we used in calculating the lithospheric elastic thickness variations. We also thank Alberto Jimenez-Diaz for his kind guidance in data processing of the wavelet method. This research is funded by National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41776057, 41761134051, 91858213, 41730532 and 91428039). All figures have been produced with the GMT software (Wessel et al. 2013).

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  1. Department of Marine Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China

    Ademolawa John Afelumo, Chun-Feng Li & Opeyemi Joshua Akinrinade

  2. Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China

    Chun-Feng Li

  3. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Chun-Feng Li

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AJA: Conceptualization; Methodology; Formal analysis; Investigation; Visualization; Writing—Original Draft. CFL: Conceptualization; Supervision; Resources; Funding acquisition; Writing—review & editing. OJA: Data Curation; Validation.

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Afelumo, A.J., Li, CF. & Akinrinade, O.J. Tectonic control on effective elastic thickness over the Northeast Indian Seamount Province and surrounding regions. Mar Geophys Res 42, 18 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-021-09439-9

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