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Influence of soil pollution on the morphology of roots and leaves of Verbascum thapsus L

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Abstract

The impact of inorganic pollutants in the zone of industrial wastewater settling tanks (South of Russia) was studied. The levels of Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd were determined for Verbascum thapsus L., which are part of the mesophilic succession of wild plants in the studied technogenically polluted territory. The bioavailability of heavy metals (HM) for plants from transformed soils has been established. Anatomical and morphological features in the tissues of the plants affected by HM were analyzed using light-optical and electron microscopic methods. Contamination of the soil cover with Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd has been established with maximum content of Zn. It was revealed that the HM content in the V. thapsus plants exceeded the maximum permissible levels (Russian state standard): Zn by 23, Pb by 2, Cr by 31 and Cd by 3 times. The lower level of HM content in the inflorescences of mullein plants in comparison with the root system, stems and leaves indicates the resistance of generative organs to technogenic pollution. In the root and leaves of the V. thapsus, the anatomical and ultrastructural observation were carried out using light-optical and transmission electron microscopy. Changes in the ultrastructure of plants under the influence of anthropogenic impact have been revealed. The most significant changes of the ultrastructure of the polluted plants were found in the cell organelles of leaves (mitochondria, plastids, peroxisomes, etc.) including spatial transformation of the thylakoid system of plastids during the metal accumulation by plants, which may determine the mechanism of plant adaptation to technogenic pollution.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the RFBR and SC RA, project no. 20-55-05014 arm_a, and Russian Academy of Sciences, project no. AAAA-A19-119011190176-7.

Funding

This research was supported by the RFBR and SC RA, project no. 20–55-05014 arm_a, and Russian Academy of Sciences, project no. AAAA-A19-119011190176–7.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

    Victor Chaplygin, Natalia Chernikova, Aleksei Fedorenko, Tatiana Minkina, Dina Nevidomskaya, Saglara Mandzhieva & Vladimir Beschetnikov

  2. Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

    Grigorii Fedorenko

  3. Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia

    Karen Ghazaryan & Hasmik Movsesyan

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  2. Natalia Chernikova
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  3. Grigorii Fedorenko
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  4. Aleksei Fedorenko
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Contributions

Victor Chaplygin, Natalia Chernikova: Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing—original draft preparation—review & editing; Aleksei Fedorenko: Data curation, Investigation, Visualization, Writing—original draft preparation—review & editing; Grigorii Fedorenko, Tatiana Minkina: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—original draft preparation—review & editing; Dina Nevidomskaya, Saglara Mandzhieva: Methodology, Writing—review & editing; Karen Ghazaryan, Hasmik Movsesyan: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing; Vladimir Beschetnikova: Data curation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Natalia Chernikova.

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Chaplygin, V., Chernikova, N., Fedorenko, G. et al. Influence of soil pollution on the morphology of roots and leaves of Verbascum thapsus L. Environ Geochem Health 44, 83–98 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00975-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00975-2

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