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Genesis of the Ordovician Ma55 sub-member dolomites in the Ordos Basin, China

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Abstract

To elaborate genesis of the Ordovician Ma55 Sub-member dolomites in the Ordos Basin, this study implemented a series of analyses, including petrological investigation and geochemical (constant and trace elements, and isotopes) characterization. Three main types of dolomites were identified, namely micritic dolomite, micritic silty dolomite and silty dolomite. Specifically, the micritic dolomite is featured by dull red luminescence, low degree of order, high Sr isotope value, positive linear MgO–CaO correlation, high contents of Na and Sr elements, low contents of Fe and Mn elements, obvious negative δ13C excursion and slightly positive δ18O value, all of which indicate a syngenetic–penesyngenetic closed, high salinity environment. In comparison, the micritic silty dolomite is characterized by no or extremely dull red luminescence, moderate-to-high degree of order, higher δ13C value, slightly lower 87Sr/86Sr ratio, and sharp decrease in contents of K, Al, Fe and Mn elements, all of which indicate this type of dolomite to be the product of seepage–reflux dolomitization. Moreover, difference in geochemical characteristics between micritic silty dolomites in the depression and those in the platform flat suggests the Mg-rich brine from the tidal flat to be the dolomitization fluid for the platform flat while the Mg-rich brine from the overlying Ma54 Sub-member to be the dolomitization fluid for the depression. Meanwhile, the silty dolomite is observed to have no or extremely dull red luminescence, high degree of order, heavy δ18O value, high Sr isotope, lower Na content, and higher Fe and Mn contents, which are attributed to burial dolomitization in the fresh water environment. The distribution of dolomite was demonstrated to be controlled by sedimentary microfacies, and the dolomite in the West Jingbian dolomitic flat area turns out to have the largest distribution area and thickness as well as the best reservoir capacity. Massive fractures and vugs were formed in the dolomitization process, which were the basis of high-quality reservoir formation, involving generation of a relatively small amount of intercrystalline micropores during the syngenetic–penesyngenetic dolomitization, intercrystalline pores after the penecontemporaneous dolomitization, and intercrystalline and dissolution pores during the burial dolomitization. Moreover, dissolution during hypergene and burial periods contributed to most of the reservoir space, while filling effect during the burial period significantly reduced porosity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciated the strong support from major national science and technology projects of China (Grant No. 2017ZX05001001-002).

Funding

Major national projects “Accumulation law, key technology and target evaluation of lithologic stratigraphic reservoirs” (Serial number: 2017ZX05001001-002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth Sciences and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China

    Xiyan Yang, Yawen Li & Xingzhi Wang

  2. Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu, China

    Yan Zhan

  3. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Engineering, Chengdu, 610500, China

    Fei Huo & Xingzhi Wang

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  1. Xiyan Yang
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  2. Yawen Li
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Correspondence to Yawen Li.

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Yang, X., Li, Y., Zhan, Y. et al. Genesis of the Ordovician Ma55 sub-member dolomites in the Ordos Basin, China. Carbonates Evaporites 36, 36 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-021-00699-5

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