Abstract
Objectives
Sclerostin is an important regulator of bone mass involving the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Relatively few studies have investigated the relationships of circulating sclerostin levels with adiposity-related and muscle-related biochemical factors in individuals with increased energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of circulating sclerostin with adipokines, myokines, osteokines and body composition values in lean adolescent females with increased physical activity.
Methods
A total of 73 adolescent females who were physically active and aged 14–18 years old participated in the study. Sclerostin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, irisin, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and insulin were obtained from fasting blood samples. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and analyzed for body fat mass, lean body mass, bone mineral content and muscle mass.
Results
Serum sclerostin (117.9 ± 60.3 pg/mL) was correlated with age, age at menarche, body fat, muscle mass, training activity, leptin, TNF-α, irisin, osteocalcin, CTx and IGF-1. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that fat mass (β = 0.434; p = 0.001), leptin (β = −0.308; p = 0.015), irisin (β = 0.227; p = 0.024) and CTx (β = 0.290; p = 0.031) were the most important predictors of serum sclerostin concentration.
Conclusions
Bone-derived sclerostin is associated with specific adipokine, myokine and osteokine values in lean adolescent females with increased physical activity. These results suggest that the interactions between bone, adipose and muscle tissues could also be associated with circulating sclerostin concentrations.
Funding source: Estonian Ministry of Education and Science
Award Identifier / Grant number: PRG 1120
Funding source: “La Caixa” Foundation
Award Identifier / Grant number: ID 100010434
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all subjects participating in our study.
Research funding: This study was supported by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (Grant PRG 1120). LGM is funded by “La Caixa” Foundation within the Junior Leader fellowship programme (ID 100010434).
Author contributions: JJ, VK, LR and VT contributed to the conception and design of the research. LR, ALT, PP and KM performed the experiments. JJ, VK and LR analysed the data. JJ, VK, LR, RGR, SK, LGM and VT interpreted the results of the experiments. JJ drafted the manuscript. JJ, VK, LR, ALT, PP, RGR, SK, KM, LGM and VT edited and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Competing interests: None of the authors have a conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Written informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu.
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