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Assessment of Grain Size and Grain Refinement Efficiency by Calculation of Released Heat Attributed to Formation of Primary Aluminum Crystals During Solidification of Al7Si4Cu Alloy

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Abstract

Assessing heat released only related to the formation of primary crystals provides results with a significantly higher sensitivity than a traditional assessment of undercooling value. In this work, two similar Ti5B1 master alloys (commercial and refined) are used for grain refinement of Al7Si4Cu aluminum alloy to assess narrow differences in heat release during primary crystallization. The heat released related to primary crystallization is 2.50 ± 0.03, 3.16 ± 0.12, and 7.92 kJ kg−1 for samples treated with the refined master alloys, commercial master alloys, and sample solidified without grain refinement, respectively. The acquired results showed that the suggested method is more efficient in comparison with traditional metallographic or undercooling methods for the assessment of grain refining efficiency with the potential to extend the suggested approach on a wide range of metallic structures where solidification occurs by eutectic-type primary crystallization characteristics.

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Abbreviations

T:

Temperature

TLiq :

Liquidus temperature

TαAl Min :

The lowest temperature during primary crystallization

TαAl Rec :

Recalescence temperature

TαAl Start (TLiq):

Formation of the first nucleation sites

TαAl End :

Finalization of primary Al crystals formation and growth

ΔHα -Al :

Heat released from the solidified primary Al crystals

ΔTαAl Undercooling (Tα RecTα Min):

Primary undercooling

LαAl :

Latent heat for primary Al crystals formation

Cp :

Specific heat

t:

Time

tαAl Rec :

Recalescence time (TαAlMin–)

tTotal :

Primary crystals formation time (TαAlStart–TαAlEnd)

tLiq :

Time at primary solidification begins

tαAl End :

Time at primary solidification ends

\({\left(\frac{dT}{dt}\right)}_{CC}\) :

Mathematical expression of cooling curve’s first derivative

\({\left(\frac{dT}{dt}\right)}_{NC}\) :

Mathematical expression of the cooling curve’s first derivative without phase transformation

CLN:

Refined master alloy

WCM:

Commercial master alloy

NC:

Newtonian base line

CC:

Cooling curve

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to express their appreciation to Dr. Robin Francis for his assistance in conducting experiments and members of the UW IRC in Light Metal Casting Technology for their valuable advice and support. The support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, the Republic of Serbia (Record #: 451-03-68/2020-14/200175 and ON172005) is also kindly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Aleksandar M. Mitrašinović

  2. Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia

    Aleksandar M. Mitrašinović

  3. Institute for Testing of Materials - IMS Institute, Belgrade, Serbia

    Dejan B. Momčilović & Zoran Odanović

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  1. Aleksandar M. Mitrašinović
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  2. Dejan B. Momčilović
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Correspondence to Aleksandar M. Mitrašinović.

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Mitrašinović, A.M., Momčilović, D.B. & Odanović, Z. Assessment of Grain Size and Grain Refinement Efficiency by Calculation of Released Heat Attributed to Formation of Primary Aluminum Crystals During Solidification of Al7Si4Cu Alloy. Trans Indian Inst Met 74, 1917–1922 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02279-6

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