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A leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase gene (RtLDOX2) from the feral forage plant Reaumuria trigyna promotes the accumulation of flavonoids and improves tolerance to abiotic stresses

  • Regular Paper – Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular and Cellular Biology
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Abstract

Reaumuria trigyna, a Tamaricaceae archaic recretohalophyte, is an important feral forage plant in the desert steppe of northwestern China. We identified two significantly differentially expressed leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase genes (RtLDOX/RtLDOX2) and investigated the function and characteristics of RtLDOX2. RtLDOX2 from R. trigyna was rapidly upregulated by salt, drought, and abscisic acid, consistent with the stress-related cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region. Recombinant RtLDOX2 converted dihydrokaempferol to kaempferol in vitro, and was thus interchangeable with flavonol synthase, a dioxygenase in the flavonoid pathway. Transgenic plants overexpressing RtLDOX2 accumulated more anthocyanin and flavonols under abiotic stresses, speculating that RtLDOX2 may act as a multifunctional dioxygenase in the synthesis of anthocyanins and flavonols. Overexpression of RtLDOX2 enhanced the primary root length, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content of salt-, drought-, and ultraviolet-B-stressed transgenic Arabidopsis. Antioxidant enzyme activity; proline content; and expression of antioxidant enzyme, proline biosynthesis, and ion-transporter genes were increased in transgenic plants. Therefore, RtLDOX2 confers tolerance to abiotic stress on transgenic Arabidopsis by promoting the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonols. This in turn increases reactive oxygen species scavenging and activates other stress responses, such as osmotic adjustment and ion transport, and so improves tolerance to abiotic stresses.

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Abbreviations

ORF:

Open reading frame

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

PA:

Proanthocyanidins

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

POD:

Peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Professor Chaomei Ma at Inner Mongolia University, College of Life Sciences for kindly providing the Agilent 1290 Infinity UPLC system for determining recombinant protein activity in vitro.

Funding

This study was supported by the Science and Technology major project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China to State key laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (Grant number: zdzx2018065); the Advanced Talents Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Grant number: NDYB2018-11); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers: 31760700 and 32060506); and the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Grant number: 2019BS03035).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, China

    Ningning Li

  2. The Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, the State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, 010070, China

    Ningning Li, Xue Wang, Binjie Ma, Zhigang Wu, Linlin Zheng, Zhi Qi & Yingchun Wang

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  1. Ningning Li
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Contributions

YW, ZQ, LZ conceived the idea; NL, XW, BM performed the experiments; NL wrote the manuscript; ZW assisted in the recombinant protein in vitro activity assay; YW scrutinized the manuscript. All the authors approved the final version of the manuscript prior to submission.

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Correspondence to Yingchun Wang.

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Li, N., Wang, X., Ma, B. et al. A leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase gene (RtLDOX2) from the feral forage plant Reaumuria trigyna promotes the accumulation of flavonoids and improves tolerance to abiotic stresses. J Plant Res 134, 1121–1138 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01315-2

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