Magnesium catalyzed biphasic solvent mediated microwave assisted synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

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Abstract

Direct transformation of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was carried out by using single or combination of catalysts like, MgF2, MgTiO3 and Mg (CF3SO3)2 in a polar and biphasic solvent system under microwave assisted heating. We studied several metal catalysts but, the combination of Mg mediated catalysts were the most effective enabling up to 84% of 5- HMF yield from the fructose. We have developed a simple and eco-friendly method to the synthesis of 5-HMF for the industrial usage. Thus, the main advantage of current catalytic system based on cheap, readily abundant, recycled, reused and ecofriendly.

Section snippets

Rationale

Heterocyclic ring systems are broadly present in both synthetic and natural products and also play very crucial role for the design and synthesis of active pharma ingredients which play a critical role for the investigation of pharmaceutical drugs for future generation [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]. The transfiguration of feasible biomass supply is directly estimated as the largest

Materials and methods

All commercially available reagents were purchased and used as received, unless otherwise noted. All reactions were monitored by TLC analysis using Merck silica gel 60 Å F-254 thin layer plates and visualized by UV. NMR spectra were recorded with TMS as an internal standard in CDCl3 or DMSO-d6 by a Bruker 400 or 500 MHz spectrometer (400 MHz for 1H and 100 MHz for 13C). Coupling constants (J) are reported in Hz (hertz). FT-IR spectrophotometer and absorbance bands are reported in wavenumber (cm

Results and discussion

The conversion of cellulose to 5-HMF is distinguished by a sequence of continuous reactions. The pathway starts with a hydrolysis of glucon to d-glucose which then isomerizes d-glucose to d-fructose. The final step involves in dehydration of d-fructose to HMF and cellulose in the presence of water. However the conversion of 5-HMF is a difficult process in the presence of water, due to the fact that it undergoes a ring opening mechanism leading to formation of levulinic acid and could be due to

Conclusion

In summary, we have developed an efficient, cost effective and the rapid synthesis of Magnesium mediated acidic ligand mixed catalyst is an best reagent for the formation 5-HMF from fructose. This catalyst gave the good yield due to strong acidic nature and the successful dehydration. We have developed synthesis of 5-HMF yield from 13% to 84% and catalyst was reused and recyclable. when the 5-HMF yield is decrease for the reuse of catalyst due to catalyst activity decreases because of catalyst

Declaration of Competing Interest

None

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