Abstract
Antioxidant system is crucial for protecting against environmental oxidative stress in fish life cycle. Although the effects of starvation on the antioxidant defenses in several adult fish have been defined, no relevant researches have been reported in the larval stage, particularly during the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding. To clarify the molecular response of antioxidant system that occurs during the mouth-opening stage under starvation stress and explore its association with energy metabolism, we employed RNA-seq to analyze the gene expression profiles in zebrafish larvae that received a delayed first feeding for 3 days. Our data showed that delayed feeding resulted in downregulation of 7078 genes and upregulation of 497 genes. These differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in growth regulation (i.e., DNA replication and cell cycle), energy metabolism (i.e., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and fatty acid metabolism), and antioxidant defenses. We demonstrated that the starved larvae are in an extremely malnourished state in the absence of exogenous nutrition, and the consequence is that numerous antioxidant genes are downregulated. Meanwhile, the antioxidant defenses also respond negatively to oxidative stress. After nutritional supply, the expression of these inhibited antioxidant genes was restored. These results suggest that the establishment of antioxidant defenses during the mouth-opening stage depends highly on exogenous nutrition. Our findings would contribute to comprehending the nutritional stress and metabolic switches during the mouth-opening stage and are essential for reducing high mortality in commercial fish farming.
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The data and materials that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Funding
The research was supported by the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (Postdoctoral Fund) (No. cstc2020jcyj-bsh0053) and the Ecological Fishery Technological System of Chongqing Municipal Agricultural and Rural Committee under Grant No. 40810017.
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Conceptualization, H.X. and Y.L.; methodology, H.X. and S.-Q.F.; software, H.X., G.W., and X.-M.M.; validation, H.X. and X.-M.M.; formal analysis, H.X., S.-Q.F., and X.-M.M.; investigation, H.X., X.-M.M., S.-Q.F., and G.W.; resources, Y.L.; data curation, H.X., S.-Q.F., and X.-M.M.; writing—original draft preparation, H.X.; writing—review & editing, H.X. and Y.L.; visualization, H.X.; supervision, Y.L.; project administration, H.X.; funding acquisition, Y.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the Guiding Principles for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Committee for Laboratory Animal Experimentation at Southwest University, China (Approval ID: 2,018,092,308).
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Xu, H., Fan, SQ., Wang, G. et al. Transcriptome analysis reveals the importance of exogenous nutrition in regulating antioxidant defenses during the mouth-opening stage in oviparous fish. Fish Physiol Biochem 47, 1087–1103 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-00954-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-00954-5