Skip to main content
Log in

Working with Zeolites: A Reflection on Catalyst Development in Industry

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Topics in Catalysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper, a tribute to Mike Spencer’s research contribution to zeolite technology, details work carried out with ICI proprietary (and other) zeolites during the late 70’s to mid- 80’s. The projects were stimulated by the 1970’s oil crises, and Mobil Oil’s publications on ZSM-5 technology, and involved a collaborative partnership between ICI Agricultural and Petrochemicals Divisions, with Mike a major participant. The work described covers zeolite synthesis, xylenes isomerisation, toluene methylation, the methylamines process and methanol to gasoline. Much of the work discussed is unpublished or in the patent literature. Significant progress was made in this area of technology, enabling the licensing of two zeolite catalysed processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_oil_crisis

  2. Chang CD (1983) Catal Rev-Sci Eng 25:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Jacobs PA (1982) Catal Rev-Sci Eng 24:415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Spencer MS, Whittam TV (1980). In: Kemball C, Dowden DA (eds) Specialist periodical report: catalysis, vol 3. The Chemical Society, London

    Google Scholar 

  5. Whittam TV, Spencer MS EP 2196437 (ICI)

  6. Whittam TV US Patent 4209498

  7. Whittam TV, Youll B US Patent 4060590A (ICI)

  8. Spencer MS, Whittam TV (1978) Acta Phys Chem 24:307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Spencer MS, Whittam TV (1980). In: Townsend RP (ed) The properties and applications of zeolites. The Chemical Society, London

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dewing J, Spencer MS, Whittam TV (1985) Catal Rev 27(3):461–514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Seddon D (1983) Appl Catal 1:327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Paxton PM, Seddon D (1984) Appl Catal 12:179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Seddon D Unpublished work

  14. Lake IJS, Sampson RJ US Patent 4,094,919 (1978), ICI

  15. Parker DG (1981) U.K. Patent 2,052,554, ICI

  16. Parker DG, Davies JF Unpublished work

  17. Parker DG Unpublished work

  18. Lake IJS Personal communication and unpublished work

  19. https://www.chemicalonline.com/doc/huntsman-to-acquire-four-major-businesses-0001

  20. https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/huntsmans-big-sell-off-3764658

  21. SABIC to close two plants on Teesside | Process Engineering

  22. Day MA, Parker DG Unpublished results

  23. Parker DG GB Patent, 2052554 A (1981), ICI

  24. Parker DG Presentation, Lord Jack Lewis retirement Symposium, September, 1995

  25. Mobil patents US 3,965,207 (B. Weinstien), 3,965,208 (SA Butler and WW Kaeding), 3,865,209 (SA Butler and LB Young), 3,965,210 (CC Chu), 4,007,231 (SA Butler), 4,001,346 (CC Chu), 4,002,697 (NY Chen), 4,002,698 (WW Kaeding)

  26. Parker DG (1984) Appl Catal 9:53–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Parker DG Unpublished results

  28. Allen RH, Yates LD (1961) J Am Chem 83:2799

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Parker DG Unpublished results

  30. Parker DG Patent GB 2,020,311, 1979, ICI

  31. Dewing J, Pierce F, Stewart A (1980) JCS Chem Comm 15:718–719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Dewing J, Pierce F, Stewart A (1980) Stud Surf Sci Catal 5:39–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Seddon D, Whittam TV (1981) European Patent EP 0055529

  34. Hogan PJ, Whittam TV, Birtill JJ, Stewart A (1984) Zeolites 4:275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Birtill JJ Personal communication

  36. Parker DG, Thomsett AJ (1979) US 4191709 A; GB 2019394 Both ICI

  37. Parker DG, Thompsett AJ Unpublished work

  38. E.g., US4578516A, Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd, US4398041A, Air products and chemicals Inc

  39. Herrmann C, Fetting F, Plog C (1988) Appl Catal 39:213–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. (1991) The Nitto chemical process, PEP Review 89-3-4

  41. European Patent 0125 616

  42. https://processengineering.co.uk/article/1270530/air-products-buys-ici-amines

  43. Chang CD, Silvestri AJ (1977) J Catal 47:249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Spencer MS, Whittam TV (1982) J Mol Catal 17:271–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Spencer MS, Whittam TV (1980) Chapter 8. In: Kemball C, Dowden DA (eds) Catalysis, vol 3. Specialist Periodical Reports, Chemical Soc., London

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. Whittam TV (1977) U. S. Patent 4,060,590

  47. Spencer MS, Whittam TV (1978) Proceedings of the Symposium on Zeolites, Szeged, Hungary

  48. Derouane EG, Dejaifve P, Nagy JB, van Hooff JHC, Spekman BP, Naccache C, Védrine JC (1977) Comptes Rend 284C:945

    Google Scholar 

  49. Spencer MS Unpublished work

  50. Swabb EA, Gates BC (1972) Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam 11:540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Dewing J, Pierce F, Stewart A (1980). In: Imelik B, Naccache C, BenTaarit Y, Vedrine JC, Coudurier G, Praliaud H (eds) Catalysis by zeolites. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  52. Mole J, Whiteside JA, Seddon D (1983) J. Catal. 82:261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Mole T, Bett G, Seddon D (1983) J Catal 84:435

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Spencer MS, Whittam TV (1979) US Patent 4,172,856

  55. GD Short, MS Spencer, TV Whittam (1982) US Patent 4,361,715

  56. GD Short, MS Spencer, TV Whittam (1980) US Patent 4,197,186

  57. Irving JDN, Leach HF, Spencer MS, Whan DA (1982) Appl Catal 4:165–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Irving JDN, Leach HF, Spencer MS, Whan DA (1982) L Chem. Research (S) 108

  59. Irving JDN (1981) PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh

  60. Casci JL, Lowe BM, Whittam TV (1981) European Patent 42:226

    Google Scholar 

  61. Casci JL, Lowe BM (1983) Zeolites 3:186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Lowe BM (1983) Zeolites 2:300

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank helpful contributions from Drs John Birtill, Duncan Seddon and Martyn Twigg. Above all he acknowledges the generosity and encouragement given by Mike Spencer in this (the author’s) first venture in industrial research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David G. Parker.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Parker, D.G. Working with Zeolites: A Reflection on Catalyst Development in Industry. Top Catal 64, 889–895 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-021-01446-9

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-021-01446-9

Keywords

Navigation