Abstract
Purpose
To study the adaptive potential of the plant Typha laxmannii Lepech. to heavy metal (HM) stress on the basis of analysis of its morphological and anatomical features under the conditions of an anthropogenically transformed ecosystem of the Don River Delta.
Methods
The soils on the monitored plots are of the Fluvisol type. The soil characteristics and total concentrations of Mn, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr in soils and cattail plants were analysed. Anatomical-morphological and electron-microscopic examinations revealed the toxic effect of HMs on the roots and leaves of T. laxmannii plants.
Results
The studied soils were found to contain high levels of the Zn, Cr, Pb and Cu. It was shown that the sources of Zn, Pb and Cu in the soils were anthropogenic in nature. The high Cr level in soils was due to the natural lithogenic factor. The contents of HM mobile forms in the soils exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni. An examination of communities of T. laxmannii grown in the impact zone revealed, proliferation anomalies. Ultrastructural studies of plants showed changes in cell membranes, as well as in the main cytoplasmic organelles.
Conclusion
The revealed structural changes are assumed to contribute to a slowdown in the ontogenetic development of plants and a decrease in their morphometric parameters under anthropogenic pollution. No significant ultrastructure changes were observed in the roots compared with the leaves, which indicates their high adaptive potential.
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Data availability
The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects no. 19-05-50097, 18-05-80022, and 20-55-05014 arm_a, Russian Academy of Sciences, project no. AAAA-A19-119011190176-7.
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Tatiana Minkina, Grigorii Fedorenko, Yuri Fedorov: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—original draft preparation—review & editing; Dina Nevidomskaya: Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing—original draft preparation—review & editing; Tatiana Pol’shina, Aleksei Fedorenko: Data curation, Investigation, Visualization, Writing—original draft preparation—review & editing; Saglara Mandzhieva: Methodology, Writing—review & editing; Karen Ghazaryan, Hasmik Movsesyan: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing; Victor Chaplygin, Tara Hassan: Data curation.
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Minkina, T.M., Fedorenko, G.M., Nevidomskaya, D.G. et al. Adaptive potential of Typha laxmannii Lepech to a heavy metal contaminated site. Plant Soil 465, 273–287 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05011-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05011-x