Influence of soil residual boron on rice performance and soil properties under conventional and conservation rice–wheat cropping systems
Faisal Nadeem A B , Muhammad Farooq
B C D , Basit Mustafa B and Ahmad Nawaz A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI), Central and West Asia (CWA), Opposite 1-A, Data Gunj Baksh Road, Satellite Town, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan.
B Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab 38040, Pakistan.
C Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman.
D Corresponding author. Email: farooqcp@gmail.com; farooqcp@squ.edu.om
Crop and Pasture Science 72(5) 335-347 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP20339
Submitted: 1 September 2020 Accepted: 4 March 2021 Published: 20 May 2021
Abstract
Application of boron (B) to wheat in conservation rice–wheat cropping systems may have a residual effect that improves productivity and grain quality of the following rice crop. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of soil residual B on the performance, grain quality and grain yield of rice and soil biological properties under puddled transplanted (PuTR) and direct-seeded (DSR) rice systems on silty loam soil. A preceding wheat crop was sown using two different tillage systems, plough tillage (PTW) and no tillage (NTW), in combination with four B application treatments: control (no B), soil application (SA, 1 kg ha–1), seed priming (0.01 M), and foliar spray (0.01 M). After wheat harvest, rice was planted in PuTR and DSR systems. The conservation tillage system in both wheat and rice (NTW–DSR) significantly increased soil organic carbon (by 18%) and soil microbial biomass carbon (by 5%) over conventional tillage systems (PTW–PuTR). Improved soil health and availability of soil residual B in the NTW-SA–DSR system improved grain yield (by 23–37%) and grain quality (grain protein by 3–8%, amylose content by 26%) over PTW–PuTR irrespective of B application method. Best economic return and net benefit were recorded in the order NTW-SA–DSR > PTW-SA–DSR > NTW-SA–PuTR. Thus, the application of B to NTW had a strong residual effect on grain quality and profitability of the following rice crop. In rice–wheat cropping systems on a silty loam soil, conservation tillage systems (NTW–DSR) significantly improved the availability of soil residual B and soil health and increased economic return.
Keywords: grain quality, residual B, soil properties, conventional and conservation tillage, rice–wheat cropping systems.
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