Abstract
Purpose
Rising atmospheric CO2 levels associated with climate change increase plant nutrient demands. However, few studies have examined the interactions of atmospheric CO2 and P supply on root exudation which plays a crucial role in mobilising non-labile P in soil. This study aimed to examine the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and P deficiency on root exudation of organic acid anions and sugars over time.
Methods
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) was grown at 1, 5 and 50 µM P in solution culture under ambient (380 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) CO2 levels. Root exudates were collected after 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks of treatment, and organic acid anions and sugars were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Results
Elevated CO2 and P deficiency positively interacted to enhance citrate exudation between 3 and 5 weeks of growth, while malate was only sporadically affected by elevated CO2 and fumarate remained unaffected. Elevated CO2 also increased exudation of glucose and fructose with larger increases being observed in P-deficient plants, which was largely constrained after 4 weeks. Elevated CO2 had no effect on exudation rates as plants matured.
Conclusion
The positive interaction between CO2 and P deficiency led to increases in organic acid anion and sugar exudation, indicating that rising atmospheric CO2 levels could allow plants to access greater amounts of non-labile P when faced with P deficiency thereby reducing their reliance on non-renewable fertiliser inputs.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgments
JBO was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. We would like to thank Mr. Mark Richards from New South Wales Department of Primary Industry for providing the white lupin seeds.
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O’Sullivan, J.B., Plozza, T., Stefanelli, D. et al. Elevated CO2 and phosphorus deficiency interactively enhance root exudation in Lupinus albus L.. Plant Soil 465, 229–243 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04991-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04991-0