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A New Flexible Parking Reservation Scheme for the Morning Commute under Limited Parking Supplies

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Abstract

Recent studies proposed parking reservation schemes in a bi-modal transport network to manage parking competition and traffic congestion. This study proposes a new flexible parking reservation scheme, under which commuters’ reservation can expire and those arriving later than the reservation expiration time can retain his reservation by paying additional late-for-reservation fees. Time-varying late-for-reservation fees are also examined. The proposed reservation scheme is more flexible and practical than those in the literature. Moreover, we found that, when compared to reservation scheme in the literature, the total social cost can be further reduced by an appropriately designed flexible reservation scheme in this paper. We also analytically and numerically quantify the efficiency gain of the proposed flexible parking reservation scheme.

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Notes

  1. This paper aims to generate analytical insights regarding flexible parking reservation schemes and illustrate the potential efficiency gains from giving flexibility to commuters with a parking reservation. To ease the analysis and avoid tedious algebra, late arrival at the workplace is not considered. Similar treatments can be found in, e.g., Zhang et al. (2008), Xiao et al. (2013), and Liu et al. (2014b).

  2. It is noteworthy that, when mu > 0, in Fig. 3 there exists a time interval \(\left [t_{e}^{u,a}+T_{a}+\frac {\beta }{\alpha }\frac {m^{u}}{s}, t^{*}-\frac {m^{r}}{s}\right ]\) during which the bottleneck service capacity is wasted. Note that \(m<N_{a}^{*}\) (insufficient parking) results in \(t^{*}-\frac {m^{r}}{s}> t_{e}^{u,a}+T_{a}+\frac {\beta }{\alpha }\frac {m^{u}}{s}\), i.e., parking competition due to limited supply forces commuters without reservation to depart much earlier than those with reservation at the bi-modal equilibrium. This capacity waste can still occur even if we introduce more advanced parking reservation schemes later on as long as \(m<N_{a}^{*}\) and mu > 0. However, there should be no capacity waste during the arrival of r-commuters under an efficient reservation scheme (as discussed earlier), i.e., the arrival is continuous between \(t^{*}-\frac {m^{r}}{s}\) and t∗ in Fig. 3.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their helpful comments. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61773077, the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province under Grant No. 19A023, the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Highway Engineering of the Ministry of Education (Changsha University of Science & Technology) under Grant No. kfj170201, and the China Scholarship Council. Dr. Wei Liu acknowledges the funding support from Australian Research Council (DE200101793).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Changsha University of Science & Technology, 410114, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Wei Wu

  2. School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Wei Wu & Wei Liu

  3. Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Wei Liu & Vinayak Dixit

  4. Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Fangni Zhang

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  1. Wei Wu
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Correspondence to Wei Liu.

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Wu, W., Liu, W., Zhang, F. et al. A New Flexible Parking Reservation Scheme for the Morning Commute under Limited Parking Supplies. Netw Spat Econ 21, 513–545 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-021-09538-5

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