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Reading in multiple Arabics: effects of diglossia and orthography

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Abstract

We tested the effects of diglossia and orthography on reading in Arabic, manipulating reading in Spoken Arabic (SA), using Arabizi, in which it is written using Latin letters on computers/phones, and the two forms of the conventional written form Modern Standard Arabic (MSA): vowelled (shallow) and unvowelled (deep). 77 skilled readers in 8th grade performed oral reading of single words and narrative and expository texts, and silent reading comprehension of both genres of text. Oral reading and comprehension revealed different patterns. Single words and texts were read faster and more accurately in unvoweled MSA, slowest and least accurately in vowelled MSA, and in-between in Arabizi. Comprehension was highest for vowelled MSA. Narrative texts were better than expository texts in Arabizi with the opposite pattern in MSA. The results suggest that frequency of type of texts and the way in which phonology is encoded affect skilled reading

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Notes

  1. Gloss here is defined as one of the versions of Arabic that are used in different situations—thus being a part of ‘diglossia’. See Banerjee and Pederson (2003).

  2. In MSA, vowels represent morpho-syntactic information in addition to phonological information. However, the affixes that represent this information are deleted in SA. Thus, the similarity between Arabizi and vowelized MSA only occurs in the representation of phonological information that distinguishes between homographs—of which there are many.

  3. We thank Irit Meir for this insight.

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  1. Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905, Haifa, Israel

    Aula Khatteb Abu-Liel & Raphiq Ibrahim

  2. Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905, Haifa, Israel

    Zohar Eviatar

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  1. Aula Khatteb Abu-Liel
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Abu-Liel, A.K., Ibrahim, R. & Eviatar, Z. Reading in multiple Arabics: effects of diglossia and orthography. Read Writ 34, 2291–2316 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-021-10143-8

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