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Metabolomics and transcriptome analysis of the biosynthesis mechanism of flavonoids in the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb at different developmental stages

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Abstract

Flavonoids belong to polyphenolic compounds, which are widely distributed in plants and have rich functions. Euryale ferox Salisb is an important medicinal and edible homologous plant, and flavonoids are its main functional substances. However, the biosynthesis mechanism of flavonoids in E. ferox is still poorly understood. To explore the dynamic changes of flavonoid biosynthesis during the development of E. ferox seeds, the targeted flavonoid metabolome was determined. A total of 129 kinds of flavonoid metabolites were characterized in the seeds of E. ferox, including 11 flavanones, 8 dihydroflavanols, 16 flavanols, 29 flavones, 3 isoflavones, 12 anthocyanins, 29 flavonols, 6 flavonoid carbonosides, 3 chalcones and 13 proanthocyanidins. The relative content of flavonoid metabolites accumulated continuously during the development of E. ferox seeds, and reached the highest at T30. In transcriptome, the expression of key genes in the flavonoid pathway, such as PAL, CHS, F3H, FLS, ANS, was highest in T30, which was consistent with the trend of metabolites. Six candidate transcription factors (R2R3MYBs and bHLHs) may affect the biosynthesis of flavonoids by regulating the expression of structural genes. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis and exogenous ABA and SA treatment demonstrated that ABA (PYR1, PP2Cs, SnRK2s) and SA (NPR1) are involved in the positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. This study clarified the differential changes of flavonoid metabolites during the development of E. ferox seeds, confirmed that ABA and SA promote the synthesis of flavonoids, and found key candidate genes that are involved in the regulation of ABA and SA in the positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 31902002) and China Agriculture Research System (CARS-24).

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  1. Peng Wu and Ailian Liu contributed equally to this work.

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  1. School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No. 48, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Peng Wu, Ailian Liu & LiangJun Li

  2. Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    LiangJun Li

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PW and AL conceived and designed the experimental design. LL contributed to the interpretation of the results and coordinated the study. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Wu, P., Liu, A. & Li, L. Metabolomics and transcriptome analysis of the biosynthesis mechanism of flavonoids in the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb at different developmental stages. Mol Genet Genomics 296, 953–970 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01790-1

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