Abstract
Due to climate change, a model for a variety of winter triticale, separately for grain and fodder areas, has been developed. Under modern conditions, dual-use triticale varieties with a stem height of 120–130 cm lodge in wet years and are significantly inferior by grain yield to wheat and by green mass yield to rye. According to the results of regression analysis, the potential productivity of grain triticale on a high agricultural background is 10–11 t/ha of grain, for which 750–800 spikes per 1 m2 are required; on an average agricultural background, the values of these indicators are 8.0–8.5 t/ha and 650–700 spikes/m2. The grain weight per spike should be 1.3–1.4 g and 1.15–1.25 g, respectively. Plants should have high frost resistance (up to –20 to –21°С at the depth of the tillering node, up to –11 to –12°С during May frosts), as well as the ability to withstand up to 60 days of ice crust. The stem height should be 90–110 cm, and resistance lodging should be high. Plants generally do not need pesticide cover. The breeding process must be differentiated depending on the grain’s purpose: baking (12–14% protein, etc.), confectionery production (falling number of 80–100 s, any gluten, etc.), starch and bioethanol production (70% and more starch of a certain quality for each technology), production of cereals and spaghetti (content of carotenoids in grain of 400–500 mg/kg%). The model of a forage area variety is a plant up to 180 cm with 4.0–4.5 productive stems, leaf coverage up to 28%, crude protein content in green mass of 11–12%. Potential yield under optimal growing conditions is 80–90 t/ha of vegetative mass. The abiotic and biotic blocks are similar to grain triticale.
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Grabovets, A.I., Krokhmal, A.V. Winter Triticale Cultivar Model on the Don. Russ. Agricult. Sci. 47, 99–105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367421020063
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367421020063