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Who Are You Studying With? The Role of Diverse Friendships in STEM and Corresponding Inequality

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Abstract

While numerous studies have highlighted the consequences of exclusion in STEM, fewer studies have empirically tested the benefits of inclusion in peer relationships. We focus on the impact of having cross-racial or cross-gender study partners among one’s close friends in a national sample of 408 STEM majors. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the direct and indirect relationships between having diverse study partners, key background and college experience variables, and college GPA. We identified a significant positive relationship, both direct and indirect, between studying with a close friend of a different race and GPA. We also found that having a cross-gender study partner is positively linked to organizing study groups and study-faculty interaction, which in turn improves GPA. However, Black students were less likely to have either cross-racial or cross-gender study partners among their close friends. We discuss implications for equity and the need to encourage positive intergroup relations in STEM.

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Notes

  1. We employed the definition of STEM used by Department of Commerce (DOC) to identify STEM majors for the current study. Informed by Sax et al. (2015), we then grouped these STEM majors into five disciplines for the purpose of data analysis. The five disciplines and specific majors included in each discipline are as follows: Biological Sciences (Bio-chemistry, Biological Basis of Behavior, Biology); Computer Science (Computer Science); Engineering (Bio-engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Other Engineering); Mathematics/Statistics (Math, Actuarial Science); Physical Sciences (Chemistry, Material Science, Physics, Other Physical Science).

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Acknowledgements

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1660914.

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  1. University of Maryland, College Park, 3214-B Benjamin Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    Julie J. Park, Kristyn Lue, Jia Zheng, Roshan Parikh, Cinthya Salazar & Arman Liwanag

  2. Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, USA

    Young K. Kim

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Park, J.J., Kim, Y.K., Lue, K. et al. Who Are You Studying With? The Role of Diverse Friendships in STEM and Corresponding Inequality. Res High Educ 62, 1146–1167 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-021-09638-8

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