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Exploring natural colorant behavior of husk of durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat species for sustainable cotton fabric dyeing

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Abstract

Revival of natural colorants in textile dyeing is one of the important strategies to reduce synthetic chemical-based environmental pollution. The study has been conducted to explore the coloring potential of durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread (Triticum astivum L.) wheat husk for fabric dyeing. The results showed that both wheat species husk could be an excellent source of natural dye, if extracted in alkaline medium. It has been observed that durum wheat husk based dye worked best at 70°C with a pH 11.0 and salt concentration of 8.0 g/100 ml of solution. Similarly, alkaline extract of bread wheat husk worked better at 80°C with dyeing solution pH 9.0 and salt concentration of 8.0 g/100 ml. Bio-mordanting experiments results revealed pomegranate rind (7%) as most effective bio-mordant to obtain high color strength of wheat husk treated fabric. In chemical-mordanting, tannic acid (5%) as pre-mordant and chrome (5%) as post-mordant have improved the color strength more than all other quantities of employed mordants. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids as major colorant compounds in wheat husk–based natural dye. Suggested ISO standards for colorfastness illustrated good color strength ratings of husk-based dyed fabric when treated with bio-mordants as compared to chemical counterparts. Hence, husk of both bread and durum wheat species has great potential to be used as source of eco-friendly natural colorant for cotton dyeing.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Mr Zafar Iqbal Manager Noor Fatima Fabrics Faisalabad Pakistan and Mr Muhammad Abbas Chief Executive Harris Dyes and Chemicals Faisalabad Pakistan for technical and scientific guidance at lab scale and providing us the facilities of fastener testers to conduct a part of PhD studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Ali Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Azeem & Naeem Iqbal

  2. Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

    Shahid Adeel

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  1. Ali Ahmad Khan
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  2. Shahid Adeel
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  4. Naeem Iqbal
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Contributions

The current article is an outcome of PhD research work of Mr Ali Ahmad Khan. Ali A Khan, Naeem Iqbal, and M Azeem contributed in conceptualization, formal analysis, data curation, project administration, and writing. Shahid Adeel contributed in formal analysis, data curation, project administration, and writing.

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Correspondence to Naeem Iqbal.

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Khan, A.A., Adeel, S., Azeem, M. et al. Exploring natural colorant behavior of husk of durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat species for sustainable cotton fabric dyeing. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 51632–51641 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14241-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14241-6

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