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Visual hallucinations
  1. Rimona S Weil1,
  2. A J Lees2
  1. 1 Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
  2. 2 Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, University College London, London, UK
  1. Correspondence to Dr Rimona S Weil, Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; r.weil{at}ucl.ac.uk

Abstract

Visual hallucinations have intrigued neurologists and physicians for generations due to patients’ vivid and fascinating descriptions. They are most commonly associated with Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, but also occur in people with visual loss, where they are known as Charles Bonnet syndrome. More rarely, they can develop in other neurological conditions, such as thalamic or midbrain lesions, when they are known as peduncular hallucinosis. This review considers the mechanisms underlying visual hallucinations across diagnoses, including visual loss, network dysfunction across the brain and changes in neurotransmitters. We propose a framework to explain why visual hallucinations occur most commonly in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and discuss treatment approaches to visual hallucinations in these conditions.

  • hallucinations
  • vision
  • dementia
  • Parkinson disease

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Footnotes

  • Twitter @rimonaweil, @ajlees

  • Contributors RSW drafted the original version of the article and AJL provided critique and detailed edits.

  • Funding RSW is supported by a fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (205167/16/Z).

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Commissioned. Externally peer reviewed by Simon Lewis, Sydney, Australia.

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  • Editors’ commentary
    Phil E M Smith Geraint N Fuller

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