Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Local and regional contributions to PM2.5 in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during haze episodes

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The 2022 Winter Olympics is scheduled to take place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou, which were defined as OIAs (Olympic infrastructure areas) in this study. This study presents the characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 in the OIAs, China. The entire region of mainland China, except for the OIAs, was divided into 9 source regions, including four regions in the BTH(Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) region, the four provinces surrounding the BTH and the remaining areas. Using CAMx/PSAT, the contributions of the nine regions to the PM2.5 concentration in the OIAs were simulated spatially and temporally. The simulated source apportionment results showed that the contribution of regional transportation was 48.78%, and when PM2.5 concentration was larger than 75 µg/m3 central Hebei was the largest contributor with a contribution of 19.18%, followed by Tianjin, northern Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, southern Hebei, Henan and Liaoning. Furthermore, the contribution from neighboring regions of the OIAs was 47.12%, which was nearly twice that of long-range transportation. Haze episodes were analyzed, and the results presented the importance of regional transportation during severe PM2.5 pollution periods. It was also found that they were associated with differences in pollution sources between Zhangjiakou and Beijing. Regional transportation was the main factor affecting PM2.5 pollution in Zhangjiakou due to its low local emissions. Stagnant weather with a low planetary boundary layer height and a low wind velocity prevented the local emitted pollutants in Beijing from being transported outside, and as a result, local emissions constituted a larger contribution in Beijing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Boylan J W, Russell A G (2006). PM and light extinction model performance metrics, goals, and criteria for three-dimensional air quality models. Atmospheric Environment, 40(26): 4946–4959

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang X, Wang S, Zhao B, Xing J, Liu X, Wei L, Song Y, Wu W, Cai S, Zheng H, Ding D, Zheng M (2019). Contributions of inter-city and regional transport to PM2.5 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its implications on regional joint air pollution control. Science of the Total Environment, 660: 1191–1200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zhao X (2020). PM2.5 over North China based on MODIS AOD and effect of meteorological elements during 2003–2015. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 14(2): 23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fann N, Risley D (2013). The public health context for PM2.5 and ozone air quality trends. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 6(1): 1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurjar B R, Jain A, Sharma A, Agarwal A, Gupta P, Nagpure A S, Lelieveld J (2010). Human health risks in megacities due to air pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 44(36): 4606–4613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang B J (2014). Emission Inventory of Volatile Organic Compounds from Field Burning of Crop Residues in Hubei Province, China. Stafa-Zurich: Trans Tech Publications Ltd. Trans Tech Publ, 1280–1284

  • Huang X, Liu Z, Liu J, Hu B, Wen T, Tang G, Zhang J, Wu F, Ji D, Wang L, Wang Y (2017). Chemical characterization and synergetic source apportionment of PM2.5 at multiple sites in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(21): 12941–12962

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang X, Liu Z, Zhang J, Wen T, Ji D, Wang Y (2016). Seasonal variation and secondary formation of size-segregated aerosol water-soluble inorganic ions during pollution episodes in Beijing. Atmospheric Research, 168: 70–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleeman M J, Ying Q, Lu J, Mysliwiec M J, Griffin R J, Chen J, Clegg S (2007). Source apportionment of secondary organic aerosol during a severe photochemical smog episode. Atmospheric Environment, 41(3): 576–591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Wang Y, Guo X, Wang Y (2013). Seasonal variation and source apportionment of organic and inorganic compounds in PM2.5 and PM10 particulates in Beijing, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 25(4): 741–750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Li M, Zheng Y, Geng G, Wallington T J, Han W, Shen W, He K (2017). Attribution of PM2.5 exposure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to emissions: Implication to control strategies. Science Bulletin, 62(13): 957–964

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin Y, Huang K, Zhuang G, Fu J S, Wang Q, Liu T, Deng C, Fu Q (2014). A multi-year evolution of aerosol chemistry impacting visibility and haze formation over an Eastern Asia megacity, Shanghai. Atmospheric Environment, 92: 76–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin Y C, Hsu S C, Chou C C K, Zhang R, Wu Y, Kao S J, Luo L, Huang C H, Lin S H, Huang Y T (2016). Wintertime haze deterioration in Beijing by industrial pollution deduced from trace metal fingerprints and enhanced health risk by heavy metals. Environmental Pollution, 208: 284–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qiao X, Ying Q, Li X, Zhang H, Hu J, Tang Y, Chen X (2018). Source apportionment of PM2.5 for 25 Chinese provincial capitals and municipalities using a source-oriented Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Science of the Total Environment, 612: 462–471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quan J, Zhang Q, He H, Liu J, Huang M, Jin H (2011). Analysis of the formation of fog and haze in North China Plain (NCP). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(15): 8205–8214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi G L, Li X, Feng Y C, Wang Y Q, Wu J H, Li J, Zhu T (2009). Combined source apportionment, using positive matrix factorization-chemical mass balance and principal component analysis/multiple linear regression-chemical mass balance models. Atmospheric Environment, 43(18): 2929–2937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skyllakou K, Murphy B N, Megaritis A G, Fountoukis C, Pandis S N (2014). Contributions of local and regional sources to fine PM in the megacity of Paris. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14(5): 2343–2352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Zhuang G, Tang A, Wang Y, An Z (2006). Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in haze-fog episodes in Beijing. Environmental Science & Technology, 40(10): 3148–3155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagstrom K M, Pandis S N, Yarwood G, Wilson G M, Morris R E (2008). Development and application of a computationally efficient particulate matter apportionment algorithm in a three-dimensional chemical transport model. Atmospheric Environment, 42(22): 5650–5659

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Wei W, Cheng S, Li J, Zhang H, Lv Z (2018). Characteristics and classification of PM2.5 pollution episodes in Beijing from 2013 to 2015. Science of the Total Environment, 612: 170–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X S, Yan C Q, Wang S X, Zhang Y J, Cai J, Russell A G, Zhang Y H, Hu Y T, Zheng M (2015a). Comparison and overview of PM2.5 source apportionment methods. Chinese Science Bulletin, 60(2): 109–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Bao S, Wang S, Hu Y, Shi X, Wang J, Zhao B, Jiang J, Zheng M, Wu M, Russell A G, Wang Y, Hao J (2017). Local and regional contributions to fine particulate matter in Beijing during heavy haze episodes. Science of the Total Environment, 580: 283–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wen W, Ma X, Wei P, Cheng S, Wang X, He X, Liu L (2018). Understanding the regional transport contributions of primary and secondary PM2.5 components over Beijing during a severe pollution episodes. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 18(7): 1720–1733

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu T, Song Y, Liu M, Cai X, Zhang H, Guo J, Zhu T (2019). Temperature inversions in severe polluted days derived from radiosonde data in North China from 2011 to 2016. Science of the Total Environment, 647: 1011–1020

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yarwood G, Rao S, Yocke M, Whitten G (2005). Updates to the Carbon Bond chemical mechanism: CB05, Final Report Prepared for US EPA. Website: https://www.camx.com/publ/pdfs/CB05_Final_Report_120805.pdf

  • Zhang H, Cheng S, Li J, Yao S, Wang X (2019a). Investigating the aerosol mass and chemical components characteristics and feedback effects on the meteorological factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China. Environmental Pollution, 244: 495–502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Cheng S, Yao S, Wang X, Zhang J (2019b). Multiple perspectives for modeling regional PM2.5 transport across cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during haze episodes. Atmospheric Environment, 212: 22–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Denero S P, Joe D K, Lee H H, Chen S H, Michalakes J, Kleeman M J (2014). Development of a source oriented version of the WRF/Chem model and its application to the California regional PM10/PM2.5 air quality study. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14(1): 485–503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Zhu B, Gao J, Kang H, Yang P, Wang L, Zhang J (2017). The source apportionment of primary PM2.5 in an aerosol pollution event over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using WRF-Chem, China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17(12): 2966–2980

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z Y, Wong M S, Lee K H (2015b). Estimation of potential source regions of PM2.5 in Beijing using backward trajectories. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 6(1): 173–177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao B, Wu W, Wang S, Xing J, Chang X, Liou K N, Jiang J H, Gu Y, Jang C, Fu J S, Zhu Y, Wang J, Lin Y, Hao J (2017). A modeling study of the nonlinear response of fine particles to air pollutant emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(19): 12031–12050

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng B, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, He K B, Wang K, Zheng G J, Duan F K, Ma Y L, Kimoto T (2015). Heterogeneous chemistry: A mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(4): 2031–2049

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y, Xing X, Lang J, Chen D, Cheng S, Wei L, Wei X, Liu C (2017). A comprehensive biomass burning emission inventory with high spatial and temporal resolution in China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(4): 2839–2864

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41822505 and 42061130213), the Tsinghua-Toyota General Research Center, Foshan-Tsinghua Innovation Special Fund (FTISF-2019THFS0402) and the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program. Huan Liu is supported by the Royal Society of UK through Newton Advanced Fellowship (G104760).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Yue Wang, Mengshuang Shi, Zhaofeng Lv, Huan Liu & Kebin He

Authors
  1. Yue Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mengshuang Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhaofeng Lv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Huan Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kebin He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Huan Liu.

Additional information

Highlights

• Regional transportation contributed more than local emissions during haze episodes.

• Short-range regional transportation contributed the most to the PM2.5 in the OIAs.

• Low wind speeds and low PBLHs led to higher local contributions to Beijing.

Supporting Information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, Y., Shi, M., Lv, Z. et al. Local and regional contributions to PM2.5 in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during haze episodes. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 15, 140 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1434-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1434-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation