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Mitochondrial genomes reveal diverse lineages of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) in Kenya and La Réunion

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Abstract

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is a major threat to citrus production worldwide, as it transmits ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, the pathogen associated with the devastating Asian form of huanglongbing. The psyllid has spread widely from its native South Asia during the past 300 years, most recently to Africa. We report the first population genomic analyses of D. citri in Kenya and La Réunion based on next-generation sequencing of their mitochondrial genomes. We analyzed mitochondrial sequences of 264 D. citri individuals to establish genetic relationships among accessions from D. citri populations from Asia, North America and Africa. Haplotype network analysis indicated that the psyllids from Kenya were genetically close to an accession from Cambodia, and distinctly different to those from La Réunion. These findings revealed populations in southern Indochina would be the likely source of the D. citri introduction into East Africa through human-mediated transfer of psyllid-infested plants.

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Data availability

The sequences generated in this study were deposited in GenBank (Accession number: MW021146–MW021160).

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Acknowledgements

We are greatly thankful to the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology for the sample collection in Kenya. We also appreciate Maéva Vinot and François Hervy for providing the DNA samples from La Réunion through funding by the EU (EFRD, Interreg V) and Région Réunion. We thank the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry for support of this work. We are grateful for the financial support provided by Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi (Gui Ke AA18118046, Zhejiang A&F University impulse project (2019FR029), Science and Technology Project of Guangdong (2020A1414010043) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0201502).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China

    Yanjing Wang

  2. Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Susan Halbert

  3. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya

    Samira Mohamed

  4. CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection Des Plantes, 97410, La Réunion, France

    Hélène Delatte

  5. UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection Des Plantes, Université de La Réunion, 97410, La Réunion, France

    Bernard Reynaud

  6. School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia

    George A. C. Beattie & Paul Holford

  7. College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China

    Jinming Lu

  8. Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application/Citrus Huanglongbing Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China

    Yijing Cen

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  1. Yanjing Wang
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  2. Susan Halbert
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  3. Samira Mohamed
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  4. Hélène Delatte
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  6. George A. C. Beattie
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  8. Jinming Lu
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  9. Yijing Cen
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Correspondence to Yijing Cen.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Diaphorina citri is an invasive pest in Kenya and La Réunion, not an endangered species. The individuals from Kenya and La Réunion used in this study were collected from private orchards with the permission of the orchard owners. We did not cause the insects unnecessary trauma (humane treatment).

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Wang, Y., Halbert, S., Mohamed, S. et al. Mitochondrial genomes reveal diverse lineages of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) in Kenya and La Réunion. Biol Invasions 23, 3109–3117 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02560-1

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