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Numerical study of nanocomposite phase change material-based heat sink for the passive cooling of electronic components

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Abstract

The current two-dimensional (2D) numerical study presents the melting phenomenon and heat transfer performance of the nanocomposite phase change material (NCPCM) based heat sink. Metallic nanoparticles (copper: Cu) of different volume fractions of 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 were dispersed in RT–28HC, used as a PCM. Transient simulations with conjugate heat transfer and melting/solidification schemes were formulated using finite–volume–method (FVM). The thermal performance and melting process of the NCPCM filled heat sink were evaluated through melting time, heat storage capacity, heat storage density, rate of heat transfer and rate of heat transfer density. The results showed that with the addition of Cu nanoparticles, the rate of heat transfer was increased and melting time was reduced. The reduction in melting time was obtained of − 1.36%, − 1.81%, and − 2.56% at 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05, respectively, compared with 0.00 NCPCM based heat sink. The higher heat storage capacity enhancement of 1.87% and lower reduction of − 7.23% in heat storage density was obtained with 0.01 volume fraction. The enhancement in rate of heat transfer was obtained of 2.86%, 2.19% and 1.63%; and reduction in rate of heat transfer density was obtained of − 6.33%, − 21.05% and − 31.82% with 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles, respectively. The results suggest that Cu nanoparticles of 0.01 volume fraction has the lower melting rate, higher heat storage capacity and heat transfer rate, lower heat storage density and heat transfer rate density which is preferable for passive cooling electronic components.

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Abbreviations

Al2 O 3 :

Aluminum oxide

Cu:

Copper

FVM:

Finite volume method

HS:

Heat sink

ICs:

Integrated circuits

NCPCM:

Nanocomposite phase change material

PCM:

Phase change material

PRESTO:

PREssure STaggering Option

QUICK:

Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics

SIMPLE:

Semi-Implicit Pressure-Linked Equation

UDF:

User–defined function

A m :

Mushy zone

B :

Boltzman constant (J/K)

ρ c p :

Volumetric heat capacity (J/m3.K)

f l :

Liquid fraction

g :

Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

H :

Height (mm)

Q :

Heat storage capacity (J)

q :

heat storage density (J/kg)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/m.K)

L :

Latent heat of fusion (J/kg.k)

m :

Mass (kg)

p :

Pressure (Pa)

\(\dot {Q}\) :

Rate of heat transfer (W )

\(\dot {q}\) :

Rate of heat transfer density (W/kg)

S :

Source term in momentum equation

T :

Temperature (K)

t :

Time (sec)

u :

Velocity component in x −axis (m/s)

v :

Velocity component in y −axis (m/s)

W :

Width (mm)

c p :

Specific heat capacity (J/kg.K)

ΔH :

Fractional latent-heat (J/kg.K)

2D :

Two dimensional

φ :

Volume fraction

μ :

Viscosity (Pa.s)

β:

Thermal expansion coefficient (1/K)

HS :

Heat sink

hs :

Heat source

ini :

Initial

l :

Liquidus

m :

Melting

ncpcm :

Nanocomposite phase change material

np :

Nanoparticles

ref :

Reference

x :

x −axis

y :

y −axis

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Acknowledgements

This research is facilitated by the University of Nottingham, UK research infrastructure. The first author (Adeel Arshad) acknowledges the University of Nottingham for awarding him the Faculty of Engineering Research Excellence PhD Scholarship to pursue a Ph.D. research program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fluids & Thermal Engineering (FLUTE) Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK

    Adeel Arshad, Mark Jabbal & Yuying Yan

  2. Physics Department, LPMMAT Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco

    Hamza Faraji

  3. Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains, Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK

    Pouyan Talebizadehsardari

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250, AJK, Pakistan

    Muhammad Anser Bashir

  5. Research Centre for Fluids and Thermal Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China

    Yuying Yan

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  1. Adeel Arshad
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Arshad, A., Jabbal, M., Faraji, H. et al. Numerical study of nanocomposite phase change material-based heat sink for the passive cooling of electronic components. Heat Mass Transfer (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-021-03065-2

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