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Childhood lead exposure of Amerindian communities in French Guiana: an isotopic approach to tracing sources

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Abstract

In French Guiana were detected high lead (Pb) levels in blood of Amerindian people. Lead exposure is a serious hazard that can affect the cognitive and behavior development. People can be exposed to Pb through occupational and environmental sources. Fingerprinting based on stable Pb isotopes in environmental media is often used to trace natural and anthropogenic sources but is rarely paired with blood data. The objective of this study was to determine the main factors associated with high Blood Lead Levels (BLL). Soil, manioc tubers, food bowls, beverages, wild games, lead pellets and children blood were sampled in small villages along the Oyapock River. children BLL ranged between 5.7 and 35 µg dL−1, all exceeding 5 µg dL−1, the reference value proposed in epidemiologic studies for lead poisoning. Among the different dietary sources, manioc tubers and large game contained elevated Pb concentrations while manioc-based dishes were diluted. The isotopes ratios (207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb) of children blood overlapped these of lead shots and meals. These first results confirm for the first time, the diary consumption of manioc-based food as the main contributor to Amerindian children’s BLL in French Guiana, but don’t exclude the occasional exposure to lead bullets by hunting activities. This is a specific health concern, since previous studies have shown that these same villagers present high levels of mercury (Hg). These communities are indeed subject to a double exposure to neurotoxic metals, Hg and Pb, both through their diet. The farming activity is based on manioc growing, and explaining that this ancestral practice can induce serious health risks for the child’s development may seriously affect their food balance and cultural cohesion.

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Fig. 1

Source: Société Diffusion Distribution Service Conseil (DDSC) & Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS-Guyane)

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the ARS (French Regional Health Agency) for cofounding this research with the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, IRD (IRD-CHAR Agreement, reference n°307170/00). We also want to express our gratitude to Jérôme Viers for his precious help in the Pb isotopes data treatment and to Aurélie Marquet for managing the HR-ICP-MS, both from the GET laboratory, and also to Rémy Freydier for managing the iCapQ ICP-MS at the HSM laboratory (France). Finally, we want to thank the DDSC Company in French Guiana for the sampling and nutrition surveys lead in 15 Amerindian families for almost three weeks. At last but not least, we are very grateful to the Amerindian Wayãpi families of Trois Sauts for their participation to the survey and their contribution to the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400, Toulouse, IRD, France

    Laurence Maurice, Fiorella Barraza, Isalyne Blondet & Eva Schreck

  2. Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Área de Salud, P.O. Box 17-12-569, N22-80, Quito, Ecuador

    Laurence Maurice

  3. Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS), 97336, Cayenne, French Guiana

    Michèle Ho-A-Chuck & Jessy Tablon

  4. Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon (CHAR), Av. des Flamboyants, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana

    Paul Brousse & Magalie Demar

  5. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada

    Fiorella Barraza

  6. Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales (ICT), Tarapoto, Peru

    Fiorella Barraza

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  1. Laurence Maurice
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Contributions

Laurence Maurice contributed to conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, human exposure calculation, supervision, funding acquisition, writing—original draft, and writing—review & editing. Fiorella Barraza was involved in formal analysis (total Pb and stable isotopes) and writing—review and editing. Isalyne Blondet was involved in formal analysis (total Pb and stable isotopes) and writing—review and editing.Michèle Ho-A-Chuck contributed to sampling campaign and dietary survey, logistics, and funding acquisition. Jessy Tablon contributed to sampling campaign and dietary survey, and logistics. Paul Brousse contributed to coordination of the health centers and biomonitoring of Amerindian families living along the Oyapock River. Magalie Demar contributed to research permits and logistics. Eva Schreck contributed to formal analysis (Pb) supervision and writing—review.

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Maurice, L., Barraza, F., Blondet, I. et al. Childhood lead exposure of Amerindian communities in French Guiana: an isotopic approach to tracing sources. Environ Geochem Health 43, 4741–4757 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00944-9

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