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Fine-scale body and head movements allow to determine prey capture events in the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus)

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Abstract

The identification of when, how and where animals feed is essential to estimate the amount of energy they obtain and to study the processes associated with prey search and consumption. We combined the use of animal-borne video cameras and accelerometers to characterise the body and head movements associated to four types of prey capture behaviours in the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). In addition, we evaluated how the K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) algorithm recognized these behaviours from acceleration data. Finally, we compared the total capture and the capture per unit time (CPUT) derived by identifying prey capture events using the K-NN algorithm to that derived by counting undulations in the dive profile (“wiggles”). During captures, body and head movements were highly variable in the tridimensional space. Energy expenditure (i.e., VeDBA values) during diving periods with prey captures was from three to four times higher than during controls diving periods (i.e., with no capture events). The K-NN classification resulted effective and showed accuracy scores above 90% when considering both head and body related features. In addition, when captures were estimated using the K-NN method, the CPUT was similar or higher to that estimated by counting wiggles. Our study contributes to the knowledge of the trophic ecology of this species and provides an alternative method for estimating prey consumption in the Magellanic Penguin and other diving seabirds.

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Availability of data and material

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to Juan Emilio Sala and Flavio Monti for their helpful assistance during fieldwork. We also thank the Conservation Agency from the Chubut Province for the permits to work at Cabo dos Bahías and Península Valdés, people from Ea. San Lorenzo and the Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR)—CONICET and the CCT CENPAT—CONICET for institutional and logistical support.

Funding

This study was funded by grants from the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (Grant Number: PICT-2013-1229) and from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (Grant Number: JP16H06541).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR), CONICET, Boulevard Brown, 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina

    Monserrat Del Caño, Flavio Quintana & Gabriela S. Blanco

  2. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    Ken Yoda

  3. Ornis Italica, Piazza Crati 15, 00199, Rome, Italy

    Giacomo Dell’Omo

  4. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Agustina Gómez-Laich

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  1. Monserrat Del Caño
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  2. Flavio Quintana
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  4. Giacomo Dell’Omo
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Contributions

A.G-L. and F.Q. conceived the study. A.G-L., F.Q., G.S.B. and G.D-O. collected the data. M.D-C. completed statistical analysis with the help of A.G-L and F.Q. M.D-C., A.G-L. and F.Q. wrote the initial manuscript. All authors contributed to the reviewing and editing. F.Q, K.Y and G.S.B. obtained funding. F.Q., K.Y. and G. D-O. provided resources. A.G-L. and F.Q. supervised the project.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Agustina Gómez-Laich.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

All penguin handling procedures were reviewed and approved by the Dirección de Fauna y Flora Silvestre and the Ministerio de Turismo y Áreas Protegidas de la Provincia de Chubut (permits to work at Punta Norte during 2015 and 2016: No. 096-SsCyAP/15 and No. 096-SsCyAP/16, permit to work at Cabo dos Bahías during 2015: No. 075-SsCyAP/15). During instrumentation, birds were handled as quickly and efficiently as possible.

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Del Caño, M., Quintana, F., Yoda, K. et al. Fine-scale body and head movements allow to determine prey capture events in the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). Mar Biol 168, 84 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03892-1

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