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Temperature Increases Soil Respiration Across Ecosystem Types and Soil Development, But Soil Properties Determine the Magnitude of This Effect

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Abstract

Soil carbon losses to the atmosphere, via soil heterotrophic respiration, are expected to increase in response to global warming, resulting in a positive carbon-climate feedback. Despite the well-known suite of abiotic and biotic factors controlling soil respiration, much less is known about how the magnitude of soil respiration responses to temperature changes over soil development and across contrasting soil properties. Here we investigated the role of soil development stage and soil properties in driving the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to temperature. We incubated soils from eight chronosequences ranging in soil age from hundreds to million years, and encompassing a wide range of vegetation types, climatic conditions and chronosequences origins, at three assay temperatures (5 °C, 15 °C and 25 °C). We found a consistent positive effect of assay temperature on soil respiration rates across the eight chronosequences evaluated. However, chronosequences parent materials (sedimentary/sand dunes or volcanic) and soil properties (pH, phosphorus content and microbial biomass) determined the magnitude of this temperature effect. Finally, we observed a positive effect of soil development stage on soil respiration across chronosequences that did not alter the magnitude of assay temperature effects. Our work reveals that key soil properties alter the magnitude of the positive effect of temperature on soil respiration found across ecosystem types and soil development stages. This information is essential to better understand the magnitude of the carbon-climate feedback and thus to establish accurate greenhouse gas emission targets.

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Data availability

Data in the support of these findings and the R code for the statistical models are available in Figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12981530.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Matt Gebert, Jessica Henley, Victoria Ochoa and Beatriz Gozalo for their help with laboratory analyses. We also want to thank Lynn Riedel, Julie Larson, Katy Waechter and Drs. David Buckner and Brian Anacker for their help with soil sampling in the chronosequence from Colorado, and to the City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks for allowing us to conduct these collections. This research received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 702057. M.D. was supported by an FPU fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU-15/00392). M.D. and F.T.M. are supported by the European Research Council (Consolidator Grant Agreement No 647038, BIODESERT). M.D-B. is supported by a Large Research Grant from the British Ecological Society (grant agreement n° LRA17\1193, MUSGONET). F.T.M and M.D-B. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry (project CGL2017-88124-R). PGP and M.D-B. are supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2018-024766-I and RYC2018-025483-I, respectively). F.T.M. acknowledges support from the Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/041).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán S/N, 28933, Móstoles, Spain

    Marina Dacal

  2. Instituto Multidisciplinar Para el Estudio del Medio “Ramon Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain

    Marina Dacal & Fernando T. Maestre

  3. Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo Olavide, 41704, Sevilla, Spain

    Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Jesús Barquero & Antonio Gallardo

  4. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, 95343, USA

    Asmeret Asefaw Berhe

  5. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain

    Fernando T. Maestre

  6. Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115 bis, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Pablo García-Palacios

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  1. Marina Dacal
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Correspondence to Marina Dacal.

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Author Contributions

M.D., M.D.-B. and P.G.P developed the original idea of the analyses presented in the manuscript. M.D.-B. designed the field study and wrote the grant that funded the work. J.B. conducted the laboratory work with inputs from M.D.-B and A.G. M.D. performed the statistical analyses, with inputs from M.D.-B., F.T.M and P.G.P. All authors including A.A.B. contributed to data interpretation. M.D. wrote the first version of the manuscript, which was revised by all co-authors.

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Dacal, M., Delgado-Baquerizo, M., Barquero, J. et al. Temperature Increases Soil Respiration Across Ecosystem Types and Soil Development, But Soil Properties Determine the Magnitude of This Effect. Ecosystems 25, 184–198 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00648-2

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