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Dopaminergic Genetic Variation in Young Adolescents: Associations with Sensation-Seeking

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Abstract

Deficient reward functioning, including reward-related personality, is implicated in depression’s etiology. A dopaminergic genetic multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) has previously been associated with neural reward responsivity but, despite theoretical basis, has not been studied with reward-related personality. Such research is needed to elucidate associations between genetic variation and reward-related personality in a developmentally sensitive population. In the present study, we examined associations between dopaminergic MGPS’s and self-report reward-related personality in two young adolescent samples aged 10–15 years old (Sample 1: N = 100 girls, 82% White, 18% Other; Sample 2: N = 141, 65 girls, 76 boys, 89.36% White, 10.64% Other) using an established MGPS and an augmented MGPS. A “mini” meta-analysis synthesized results across samples. In Sample 1, an exploratory mediation analysis intended to gauge effect size for future work tested a path between the MGPS and depression through significant reward traits. In each independent sample, both MGPS’s showed significant associations with sensation-seeking but not social drive, a pattern that persisted following correction. Effect sizes of novel variants were at least as robust as established variants, suggesting their added utility. Additionally, the exploratory mediation analysis suggested no noteworthy indirect effect, but a small (R2 = 0.022), statistically non-significant direct effect of the MGPS predicting prospective depressive symptoms. Results suggest that dopaminergic genetic variation is associated with the reward-related personality trait of sensation seeking but not social drive. Additional work is needed to probe whether sensation seeking may be a path through which this genetic variation confers depression risk.

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Notes

  1. The two profile scores differ in their coding of genetic variants: Stice et al. (2012) codes the COMT Val158Met and DRD4 VNTR genotypes opposite to Nikolova et al. (2011) and includes intermediate genotypes for DRD2 141C Ins/Del and DAT1 VNTR.

  2. Per reviewer recommendation, age was added a covariate given its relationship to both depression and reward sensitivity and was not a significant predictor of either sensation seeking or social drive and did not alter pattern of results. Full results available upon request.

  3. Per reviewer recommendation, significant primary analyses of the MGPS predicting sensation seeking were re-run covarying social drive. Associations between sensation seeking and the Augmented MGPS remained generally consistent (Sample 1: ß = 0.063, SE(ß) = 0.028, p=0.030; Sample 2: ß =0.10, SE(ß) =0.052, p=0.057).

  4. Though we planned to examine results using a meta-analytic approach, results were consistent when reward-related trait measures were standardized and combined across samples. Both the established (b=0.176, SE(b)=0.069, p=0.011) and the augmented MGPS (b=0.181, SE(b)=0.058, p=0.002) significantly predicted sensation-seeking. Neither the established (b=-0.018, SE(b)=0.071, p=0.798) nor the augmented MGPS (b=-0.048, SE(b)=0.060, p=0.567) significantly predicted social drive.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the families who participated in this study. We also thank the research assistants who assisted in collecting data.

Funding

The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Data collection and preparation of this manuscript was supported by internal funding support from Lawrence University to LMH, from Williams College to CBS and from UNCG to SVS. VRS was supported by a UNCG Charles Hayes Fellowship.

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  1. Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina, NC, 27412, Greensboro, USA

    Vaibhav R. Sapuram & Suzanne Vrshek-Schallhorn

  2. Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, WI, Appleton, USA

    Lori M. Hilt

  3. Department of Psychology, Williams College, MA, 01267, Williamstown, USA

    Catherine B. Stroud

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Sapuram, V.R., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., Hilt, L.M. et al. Dopaminergic Genetic Variation in Young Adolescents: Associations with Sensation-Seeking. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 49, 1259–1274 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00823-y

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