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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 January 2021
1 Joe Hansen, The Moral Test of Government HuffPost (Nov. 3, 2012, 2:06 PM), https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-moral-test-of-governm_b_1847379 [https://perma.cc/LR4Y-K3PE].
2 Navarro, Lisa Rodrigues, An Analysis of Treatment of Unaccompanied Immigrant and Refugee Children in Ins Detention and Other Forms of Institutionalized Custody, 19(1) Chicana/o Latina/o L. Rev. 589, 596 (1998).Google Scholar
3 Id.
4 Id.
5 Id.
6 Id.
7 Id.
8 8 C.F.R. s. 242.24(b)(1)-(4) (1984). The policy in effect – now vacated – did not allow minors to be released to relatives such as grandparents, siblings, aunts, or uncles unless an unusual or extraordinary circumstance existed. The regulation now includes these relatives but the “unusual and extraordinary” language remains. See also Navarro, supra note 2, at 596 n. 47.
9 Navarro, supra note 2, at 597.
10 Reno v. Flores, 507 U.S. 292 (1993).
11 Flores, 507 U.S. at 301-14; Navarro, supra note 2, at 597.
12 John Sciamanna, History and Update on Flores Settlement, CWLA, https://www.cwla.org/history-and-update-on-flores-settlement/ (last visited Oct. 20, 2020) [https://perma.cc/VMH5-BKJX].
13 Id.
14 Id.
15 Id.
16 Sarah Herman Peck and Ben Harrington, Cong. Res. Serv., The “Flores Settlement” and Alien Families Apprehended at the U.S. Border: Frequently Asked Questions, 1, 1 (2018).
17 Id. at 10, 16 n. 134.
18 Geneva Sands and Sam Fossum, Trump administration to allow longer detention of migrant families, CNN (Aug. 22, 2019), https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/21/politics/immigration-family-detention-flores/index.html [https://perma.cc/D7NV-E3FK].
19 Id.
20 Flores v. Barr, 407 F. Supp. 3d 909, 914 (C.D. Cal. 2019). The government’s appeal of that order is pending in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.
21 Flores v. Barr, No. 20-55951 1, 6 n. 1 (9th Cir. 2020).
22 Mike Baker, When Did the Coronavirus Arrive in the U.S.? Here’s a Review of the Evidence., N.Y. Times, (May 15, 2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/15/us/coronavirus-first-case-snohomish-antibodies.html?auth=link-dismiss-google1tap [https://perma.cc/3PX5-SZED].
23 AJMC, A Timeline of COVID-19 Developments in 2020, AJMC (July 3, 2020), https://www.ajmc.com/view/a-timeline-of-covid19-developments-in-2020 [https://perma.cc/5AEF-MPYR].
24 Id.
25 Id.
26 CDC, How it Spreads, CDC, (Oct. 5, 2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html [https://perma.cc/96WB-5N5H].
27 Jinitzail Hernandez et al., I.C.E, C.B.P and O.R.R. What’s the difference, explained, RollCall.com (July 23, 2019). https://www.rollcall.com/2019/07/23/i-c-e-c-b-p-and-o-r-r-whats-the-difference-explained/ [https://perma.cc/46DU-LP5V].
28 Id.
29 Id.
30 NPR, Advocates are Concerned About Conditions For Detained Migrant Children, NPR (June 24, 2019), https://www.npr.org/2019/06/24/735329181/advocates-are-concerned-about-conditions-for-detained-migrant-children [https://perma.cc/FW8D-BQE6].
31 Id.
32 Alexa Tomassi, Children are high risk for COVID-19 infection in border detention facilities, Yale Sch. of Med. (Apr. 16, 2020), https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/24019/ [https://perma.cc/HX63-E7FS].
33 Jorge Berrera, How a 35-year-old case of a migrant girl from El Salvador still fuels the border debate, CBC (June 28, 2019), https://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/detained-migrant-children-resident-orcas-stranger-things-stonewall-at-50-and-more-1.5192640/how-a-35-year-old-case-of-a-migrant-girl-from-el-salvador-still-fuels-the-border-debate-1.5192662 (emphasis added) [https://perma.cc/2QE7-5B8H].
34 Flores v. Barr, No. CV 85-4544-DMG (AGRx), 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 81008 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 28, 2020).
35 Id. at *27.
36 Id. at *22.
37 Id. at *28.
38 Id. at *3.
39 Id.
40 Id.
41 Id. at 4-5.
42 Id. at 5.
43 Id.
44 Id. at 7-8. More specifically, plaintiffs sought “(1) the prompt release of minors who are neither a flight risk nor a danger and minors who have a suitable custodian, as well as placement of minors in non-congregate settings if possible and up-to-date reporting on the justifications for keeping minors in custody, and (2) ORR and ICE's prompt implementation of public health strategies recommended by the CDC to protect people that remain in congregate settings in detention.” Plaintiffs also sought enforcement of the FSA's provision requiring that ICE and ORR record their efforts toward releasing the juveniles. See id. at 9-10.
45 Id. at 10.
46 Id. at 11.
47 Id.
48 Id. at 11-12.
49 Id.
50 Id. at 12.
51 Id. at 13.
52 Id. at 14.
53 Id. at 15-16.
54 Id. at 18.
55 Id.
56 Id. at 19.
57 Id.
58 Id. at 19-20.
59 Id.
60 Id. at 20-21.
61 Id. at 21. Such factors include “the applicable detention authority, the status of any removal, credible fear, or reasonable fear proceedings, judicial or administrative stays, and humanitarian factors.”
62 Id. at 21-22.
63 Id. at 26.
64 Id. at 26-27.
65 Id. at 29-31.
66 Order Re Plaintiffs’ Motion to Enforce at *11 Flores v. Barr, No. CV 85-4544-DMG (AGRx), 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 81008, at *1(C.D. Cal. Apr. 24, 2020).
67 Order Re Updated Juvenile Coordinator Reports, Flores v. Barr, No. CV 85-4544-DMG (AGRx), 2020 WL 2758795 (C.D. Cal. May 22, 2020).
68 Id. at *1.
69 Order Re Plaintiffs’ Motion to Enforce Settlement as to “Title 42” Class Members, Flores v. Barr, No. CV 85-4544-DMG (AGRx), 2020 WL 2758795 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 4, 2020).
70 Tomassi, supra note 32.
71 Berrera, supra note 33.
72 Id.
